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Open-world classification systems should discern out-of-distribution (OOD) data whose labels deviate from those of in-distribution (ID) cases, motivating recent studies in OOD detection. Advanced works, despite their promising progress, may…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Qizhou Wang , Zhen Fang , Yonggang Zhang , Feng Liu , Yixuan Li , Bo Han

The application of machine learning in safety-critical systems requires a reliable assessment of uncertainty. However, deep neural networks are known to produce highly overconfident predictions on out-of-distribution (OOD) data. Even if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-19 Alexander Meinke , Julian Bitterwolf , Matthias Hein

Deep Learning models perform unreliably when the data comes from a distribution different from the training one. In critical applications such as medical imaging, out-of-distribution (OOD) detection methods help to identify such data…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-06-26 Anton Vasiliuk , Daria Frolova , Mikhail Belyaev , Boris Shirokikh

Out-of-distribution (OOD) generalization deals with the prevalent learning scenario where test distribution shifts from training distribution. With rising application demands and inherent complexity, graph OOD problems call for specialized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-06 Xiner Li , Shurui Gui , Youzhi Luo , Shuiwang Ji

When deploying deep learning technology in self-driving cars, deep neural networks are constantly exposed to domain shifts. These include, e.g., changes in weather conditions, time of day, and long-term temporal shift. In this work we…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-15 Philipp Oberdiek , Matthias Rottmann , Gernot A. Fink

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection and lossless compression constitute two problems that can be solved by the training of probabilistic models on a first dataset with subsequent likelihood evaluation on a second dataset, where data…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Mingtian Zhang , Andi Zhang , Steven McDonagh

The detection of out of distribution samples for image classification has been widely researched. Safety critical applications, such as autonomous driving, would benefit from the ability to localise the unusual objects causing the image to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Matt Angus , Krzysztof Czarnecki , Rick Salay

It is well known that computer vision can be unreliable when faced with previously unseen imaging conditions. This paper proposes a method to adapt camera parameters according to a normalizing flow-based out-of-distibution detector. A…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-17 Simon Kristoffersson Lind , Rudolph Triebel , Luigi Nardi , Volker Krueger

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for deploying robust and reliable machine-learning systems in open-world settings. Despite steady advances in OOD detectors, their interplay with modern training pipelines that maximize…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Gerhard Krumpl , Henning Avenhaus , Horst Possegger

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are state-of-the-art models for performing prediction tasks on graphs. While existing GNNs have shown great performance on various tasks related to graphs, little attention has been paid to the scenario where…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-15 Yu Song , Donglin Wang

The problem of out-of-distribution detection for graph classification is far from being solved. The existing models tend to be overconfident about OOD examples or completely ignore the detection task. In this work, we consider this problem…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-23 Gleb Bazhenov , Sergei Ivanov , Maxim Panov , Alexey Zaytsev , Evgeny Burnaev

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is a crucial part of deploying machine learning models safely. It has been extensively studied with a plethora of methods developed in the literature. This problem is tackled with an OOD score…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Jingqiu Zhou , Aojun Zhou , Hongsheng Li

Deep neural networks (DNNs) for the semantic segmentation of images are usually trained to operate on a predefined closed set of object classes. This is in contrast to the "open world" setting where DNNs are envisioned to be deployed to.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Robin Chan , Matthias Rottmann , Hanno Gottschalk

In real-world applications, machine learning models must reliably detect Out-of-Distribution (OoD) samples to prevent unsafe decisions. Current OoD detection methods often rely on analyzing the logits or the embeddings of the penultimate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Gianluca Guglielmo , Marc Masana

Out-of-distribution (OOD) detection is crucial for ensuring the reliability of deep learning models in real-world applications. Existing methods typically focus on feature representations or output-space analysis, often assuming a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Mostafa ElAraby , Sabyasachi Sahoo , Yann Pequignot , Paul Novello , Liam Paull

Object recognition and viewpoint estimation lie at the heart of visual understanding. Recent works suggest that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) fail to generalize to out-of-distribution (OOD) category-viewpoint combinations, ie.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-18 Spandan Madan , Timothy Henry , Jamell Dozier , Helen Ho , Nishchal Bhandari , Tomotake Sasaki , Frédo Durand , Hanspeter Pfister , Xavier Boix

Out-of-distribution (OOD) object detection is an important yet underexplored task. A reliable object detector should be able to handle OOD objects by localizing and correctly classifying them as OOD. However, a critical issue arises when…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Sadia Ilyas , Annika Mütze , Klaus Friedrichs , Thomas Kurbiel , Matthias Rottmann

Improving the reliability of deployed machine learning systems often involves developing methods to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) inputs. However, existing research often narrowly focuses on samples from classes that are absent from the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Charles Guille-Escuret , Pierre-André Noël , Ioannis Mitliagkas , David Vazquez , Joao Monteiro

Neural networks are known to produce over-confident predictions on input images, even when these images are out-of-distribution (OOD) samples. This limits the applications of neural network models in real-world scenarios, where OOD samples…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Ke Fan , Yikai Wang , Qian Yu , Da Li , Yanwei Fu

An intuitive way to detect out-of-distribution (OOD) data is via the density function of a fitted probabilistic generative model: points with low density may be classed as OOD. But this approach has been found to fail, in deep learning…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-02 Andi Zhang , Damon Wischik