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This note provides a family of classification problems, indexed by a positive integer $k$, where all shallow networks with fewer than exponentially (in $k$) many nodes exhibit error at least $1/6$, whereas a deep network with 2 nodes in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-30 Matus Telgarsky

Implicit neural networks have become increasingly attractive in the machine learning community since they can achieve competitive performance but use much less computational resources. Recently, a line of theoretical works established the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Tianxiang Gao , Hongyang Gao

In this work, we study the implications of the implicit bias of gradient flow on generalization and adversarial robustness in ReLU networks. We focus on a setting where the data consists of clusters and the correlations between cluster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-01 Spencer Frei , Gal Vardi , Peter L. Bartlett , Nathan Srebro

Neural networks are powerful functions with widespread use, but the theoretical behaviour of these functions is not fully understood. Creating deep neural networks by stacking many layers has achieved exceptional performance in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Cameron Jakub , Mihai Nica

Understanding when neural networks can be learned efficiently is a fundamental question in learning theory. Existing hardness results suggest that assumptions on both the input distribution and the network's weights are necessary for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Amit Daniely , Nathan Srebro , Gal Vardi

We investigate to what extent it is possible to solve linear inverse problems with $ReLu$ networks. Due to the scaling invariance arising from the linearity, an optimal reconstruction function $f$ for such a problem is positive homogeneous,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-08 Stefan Bamberger , Reinhard Heckel , Felix Krahmer

We explore convergence of deep neural networks with the popular ReLU activation function, as the depth of the networks tends to infinity. To this end, we introduce the notion of activation domains and activation matrices of a ReLU network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-11 Yuesheng Xu , Haizhang Zhang

An interesting approach to analyzing neural networks that has received renewed attention is to examine the equivalent kernel of the neural network. This is based on the fact that a fully connected feedforward network with one hidden layer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-04 Russell Tsuchida , Farbod Roosta-Khorasani , Marcus Gallagher

We consider deep multi-layered generative models such as Boltzmann machines or Hopfield nets in which computation (which implements inference) is both recurrent and stochastic, but where the recurrence is not to model sequential structure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Yoshua Bengio , Benjamin Scellier , Olexa Bilaniuk , Joao Sacramento , Walter Senn

Neural networks often operate in the overparameterized regime, in which there are far more parameters than training samples, allowing the training data to be fit perfectly. That is, training the network effectively learns an interpolating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-19 Suzanna Parkinson , Greg Ongie , Rebecca Willett

This paper investigates the ability of generative networks to convert their input noise distributions into other distributions. Firstly, we demonstrate a construction that allows ReLU networks to increase the dimensionality of their noise…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-29 Bolton Bailey , Matus Telgarsky

We develop a geometric approximation theory for deep feed-forward neural networks with ReLU activations. Given a $d$-dimensional hypersurface in $\mathbb{R}^{d+1}$ represented as the graph of a $C^2$-function $\phi$, we show that a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Jonatan Vallin , Karl Larsson , Mats G. Larson

We consider the problem of estimating the parameters of a $d$-dimensional rectified Gaussian distribution from i.i.d. samples. A rectified Gaussian distribution is defined by passing a standard Gaussian distribution through a one-layer ReLU…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Shanshan Wu , Alexandros G. Dimakis , Sujay Sanghavi

Over the last years, deep learning methods have become an increasingly popular choice to solve tasks from the field of inverse problems. Many of these new data-driven methods have produced impressive results, although most only give point…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-28 Alexander Denker , Maximilian Schmidt , Johannes Leuschner , Peter Maass

Deep learning models are often successfully trained using gradient descent, despite the worst case hardness of the underlying non-convex optimization problem. The key question is then under what conditions can one prove that optimization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-28 Alon Brutzkus , Amir Globerson

A Random Vector Functional Link (RVFL) network is a depth-2 neural network with random inner weights and biases. Only the outer weights of such an architecture are to be learned, so the learning process boils down to a linear optimization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-06-26 Palina Salanevich , Olov Schavemaker

We study the approximation of two-layer compositions $f(x) = g(\phi(x))$ via deep networks with ReLU activation, where $\phi$ is a geometrically intuitive, dimensionality reducing feature map. We focus on two intuitive and practically…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-04-27 Alexander Cloninger , Timo Klock

Deep directed generative models have attracted much attention recently due to their generative modeling nature and powerful data representation ability. In this paper, we review different structures of deep directed generative models and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-16 Siqi Nie , Meng Zheng , Qiang Ji

We study the problem of approximating compactly-supported integrable functions while implementing their support set using feedforward neural networks. Our first main result transcribes this "structured" approximation problem into a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-02 Anastasis Kratsios , Behnoosh Zamanlooy

We investigate the convergence guarantee of two-layer neural network training with Gaussian randomly masked inputs. This scenario corresponds to Gaussian dropout at the input level, or noisy input training common in sensor networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Afroditi Kolomvaki , Fangshuo Liao , Evan Dramko , Ziyun Guang , Anastasios Kyrillidis