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We present a simple approach to make pre-trained Vision Transformers (ViTs) interpretable for fine-grained analysis, aiming to identify and localize the traits that distinguish visually similar categories, such as bird species. Pre-trained…

In medical imaging, particularly in early disease detection and prognosis tasks, discerning the rationale behind an AI model's predictions is crucial for evaluating the reliability of its decisions. Conventional explanation methods face…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Yingying Fang , Zihao Jin , Xiaodan Xing , Simon Walsh , Guang Yang

Interpreting the decisions of complex computer vision models is crucial to establish trust and accountability, especially in safety-critical domains. An established approach to interpretability is generating visual attribution maps that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-08 David Schinagl , Christian Fruhwirth-Reisinger , Alexander Prutsch , Samuel Schulter , Horst Possegger

The deployment of Machine Learning models intraoperatively for tissue characterisation can assist decision making and guide safe tumour resections. For image classification models, pixel attribution methods are popular to infer…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Alfie Roddan , Chi Xu , Serine Ajlouni , Irini Kakaletri , Patra Charalampaki , Stamatia Giannarou

We propose a novel perspective to understand deep neural networks in an interpretable disentanglement form. For each semantic class, we extract a class-specific functional subnetwork from the original full model, with compressed structure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Yulong Wang , Xiaolin Hu , Hang Su

Despite the remarkable progress in face recognition related technologies, reliably recognizing faces across ages still remains a big challenge. The appearance of a human face changes substantially over time, resulting in significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-05 Jian Zhao , Yu Cheng , Yi Cheng , Yang Yang , Haochong Lan , Fang Zhao , Lin Xiong , Yan Xu , Jianshu Li , Sugiri Pranata , Shengmei Shen , Junliang Xing , Hengzhu Liu , Shuicheng Yan , Jiashi Feng

Current techniques for explainable AI have been applied with some success to image processing. The recent rise of research in video processing has called for similar work n deconstructing and explaining spatio-temporal models. While many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Liam Hiley , Alun Preece , Yulia Hicks , David Marshall , Harrison Taylor

Current models on Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) have shown an evident and quantified lack of reliability for measuring feature-relevance when statistically entangled features are proposed for training deep classifiers. There has…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-02-27 Juan Manuel Mayor-Torres , Sara Medina-DeVilliers , Tessa Clarkson , Matthew D. Lerner , Giuseppe Riccardi

While deep generative models have significantly advanced representation learning, they may inherit or amplify biases and fairness issues by encoding sensitive attributes alongside predictive features. Enforcing strict independence in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Chenrui Ma , Xi Xiao , Tianyang Wang , Xiao Wang , Yanning Shen

Recent work has demonstrated that complex visual stimuli can be decoded from human brain activity using deep generative models, offering new ways to probe how the brain represents real-world scenes. However, many existing approaches first…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Pinyuan Feng , Hossein Adeli , Wenxuan Guo , Fan Cheng , Ethan Hwang , Nikolaus Kriegeskorte

Recent works have shown that a rich set of semantic directions exist in the latent space of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), which enables various facial attribute editing applications. However, existing methods may suffer poor…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-28 Yuxuan Han , Jiaolong Yang , Ying Fu

Limited amount of labelled training data are a common problem in medical imaging. This makes it difficult to train a well-generalised model and therefore often leads to failure in unknown domains. Hippocampus segmentation from magnetic…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 John Kalkhof , Camila González , Anirban Mukhopadhyay

Fractional anisotropy (FA) and directionally encoded colour (DEC) maps are essential for evaluating white matter integrity and structural connectivity in neuroimaging. However, the spatial misalignment between FA maps and tractography…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Xin Du , Francesca M. Cozzi , Rajesh Jena

The semantically disentangled latent subspace in GAN provides rich interpretable controls in image generation. This paper includes two contributions on semantic latent subspace analysis in the scenario of face generation using StyleGAN2.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-01-25 Bo Li , Qiulin Wang , Jiquan Pei , Yu Yang , Xiangyang Ji

Current approaches in Explainable Deep Reinforcement Learning have limitations in which the attention mask has a displacement with the objects in visual input. This work addresses a spatial problem within traditional Convolutional Neural…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Tien Pham , Angelo Cangelosi

The image deepfake detection task has been greatly addressed by the scientific community to discriminate real images from those generated by Artificial Intelligence (AI) models: a binary classification task. In this work, the deepfake…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Luca Guarnera , Oliver Giudice , Sebastiano Battiato

This paper provides a simple solution for reliably solving image classification tasks tied to spatial locations of salient objects in the scene. Unlike conventional image classification approaches that are designed to be invariant to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Akshay Rangesh , Mohan M. Trivedi

Recently, self-supervised instance discrimination methods have achieved significant success in learning visual representations from unlabeled photographic images. However, given the marked differences between photographic and medical…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-18 Mohammad Reza Hosseinzadeh Taher , Fatemeh Haghighi , Michael B. Gotway , Jianming Liang

In the medical field, landmark detection in MRI plays an important role in reducing medical technician efforts in tasks like scan planning, image registration, etc. First, 88 landmarks spread across the brain anatomy in the three respective…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-02 Muhammad Ilyas Patel , Shrey Singla , Razeem Ahmad Ali Mattathodi , Sumit Sharma , Deepam Gautam , Srinivasa Rao Kundeti

Model explanations such as saliency maps can improve user trust in AI by highlighting important features for a prediction. However, these become distorted and misleading when explaining predictions of images that are subject to systematic…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-03-02 Wencan Zhang , Mariella Dimiccoli , Brian Y. Lim