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Lowering the memory requirement in full-parameter training on large models has become a hot research area. MeZO fine-tunes the large language models (LLMs) by just forward passes in a zeroth-order SGD optimizer (ZO-SGD), demonstrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Shuoran Jiang , Qingcai Chen , Youchen Pan , Yang Xiang , Yukang Lin , Xiangping Wu , Chuanyi Liu , Xiaobao Song

Adaptive optimizers like AdamW apply uniform hyperparameters across all parameter groups, ignoring heterogeneous optimization dynamics across layers and modules. We address this limitation by proposing MetaAdamW - a new optimizer that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-07 JiangBo Zhao , ZhaoXin Liu

Sharpness aware minimization (SAM) optimizer has been extensively explored as it can generalize better for training deep neural networks via introducing extra perturbation steps to flatten the landscape of deep learning models. Integrating…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Hao Sun , Li Shen , Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Shixiang Chen , Jingwei Sun , Jing Li , Guangzhong Sun , Dacheng Tao

We introduce Velocity-Regularized Adam (VRAdam), a physics-inspired optimizer for training deep neural networks that draws on ideas from quartic terms for kinetic energy with its stabilizing effects on various system dynamics. Previous…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Pranav Vaidhyanathan , Lucas Schorling , Natalia Ares , Michael A. Osborne

In this paper, we propose a generic and simple strategy for utilizing stochastic gradient information in optimization. The technique essentially contains two consecutive steps in each iteration: 1) computing and normalizing each block…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Adams Wei Yu , Lei Huang , Qihang Lin , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Jaime Carbonell

Optimization lies at the core of modern deep learning, yet existing methods often face a fundamental trade-off between adapting to problem geometry and leveraging curvature utilization. Steepest descent algorithms adapt to different…

We observe that the traditional use of DP with the Adam optimizer introduces a bias in the second moment estimation, due to the addition of independent noise in the gradient computation. This bias leads to a different scaling for low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Qiaoyue Tang , Mathias Lécuyer

Modern recommendation systems frequently employ online learning to dynamically update their models with freshly collected data. The most commonly used optimizer for updating neural networks in these contexts is the Adam optimizer, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Shaowen Wang , Anan Liu , Jian Xiao , Huan Liu , Yuekui Yang , Cong Xu , Qianqian Pu , Suncong Zheng , Wei Zhang , Di Wang , Jie Jiang , Jian Li

Adam has proven remarkable successful in training deep neural networks, but the mechanisms underlying its empirical successes and limitations remain underexplored. In this study, we demonstrate that the effectiveness of Adam stems largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Hanyang Peng , Shuang Qin , Yue Yu , Fangqing Jiang , Hui Wang , Wen Gao

Adaptive gradient methods have been widely adopted in training large-scale deep neural networks, especially large foundation models. Despite the huge success in practice, their theoretical advantages over classical gradient methods with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Yuxing Liu , Rui Pan , Tong Zhang

In several recently proposed stochastic optimization methods (e.g. RMSProp, Adam, Adadelta), parameter updates are scaled by the inverse square roots of exponential moving averages of squared past gradients. Maintaining these per-parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-13 Noam Shazeer , Mitchell Stern

Weight decay is often used to ensure good generalization in the training practice of deep neural networks with batch normalization (BN-DNNs), where some convolution layers are invariant to weight rescaling due to the normalization. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Ziquan Liu , Yufei Cui , Jia Wan , Yu Mao , Antoni B. Chan

The simplicity of gradient descent (GD) made it the default method for training ever-deeper and complex neural networks. Both loss functions and architectures are often explicitly tuned to be amenable to this basic local optimization. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Dmitrii Marin , Meng Tang , Ismail Ben Ayed , Yuri Boykov

Adaptive optimizers, such as Adam, have achieved remarkable success in deep learning. A key component of these optimizers is the so-called preconditioning matrix, providing enhanced gradient information and regulating the step size of each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-10 Yun Yue , Zhiling Ye , Jiadi Jiang , Yongchao Liu , Ke Zhang

Hyperparameter tuning, particularly the selection of an appropriate learning rate in adaptive gradient training methods, remains a challenge. To tackle this challenge, in this paper, we propose a novel parameter-free optimizer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Yijiang Pang , Shuyang Yu , Bao Hoang , Jiayu Zhou

The momentum acceleration technique is widely adopted in many optimization algorithms. However, there is no theoretical answer on how the momentum affects the generalization performance of the optimization algorithms. This paper studies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Bohan Wang , Qi Meng , Huishuai Zhang , Ruoyu Sun , Wei Chen , Zhi-Ming Ma , Tie-Yan Liu

Adaptive Moment Estimation (Adam) is a cornerstone optimization algorithm in deep learning, widely recognized for its flexibility with adaptive learning rates and efficiency in handling large-scale data. However, despite its practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Ruinan Jin , Xiao Li , Yaoliang Yu , Baoxiang Wang

Stochastic optimization algorithms using exponential moving averages of the past gradients, such as ADAM, RMSProp and AdaGrad, have been having great successes in many applications, especially in training deep neural networks. ADAM in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Ruiqi Wang , Diego Klabjan

We make contributions towards improving adaptive-optimizer performance. Our improvements are based on suppression of the range of adaptive stepsizes in the AdaBelief optimizer. Firstly, we show that the particular placement of the parameter…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-25 Guoqiang Zhang , Kenta Niwa , W. Bastiaan Kleijn

It is well-known that stochastic gradient noise (SGN) acts as implicit regularization for deep learning and is essentially important for both optimization and generalization of deep networks. Some works attempted to artificially simulate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Zeke Xie , Li Yuan , Zhanxing Zhu , Masashi Sugiyama