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Recent work in cross-lingual contextual word embedding learning cannot handle multi-sense words well. In this work, we explore the characteristics of contextual word embeddings and show the link between contextual word embeddings and word…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-20 Zheng Zhang , Ruiqing Yin , Jun Zhu , Pierre Zweigenbaum

In this paper, we present a Bayesian multilingual document model for learning language-independent document embeddings. The model is an extension of BaySMM [Kesiraju et al 2020] to the multilingual scenario. It learns to represent the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Santosh Kesiraju , Sangeet Sagar , Ondřej Glembek , Lukáš Burget , Ján Černocký , Suryakanth V Gangashetty

Automated interlinear gloss prediction with neural networks is a promising approach to accelerate language documentation efforts. However, while state-of-the-art models like GlossLM achieve high scores on glossing benchmarks, user studies…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Michael Ginn , Lindia Tjuatja , Enora Rice , Ali Marashian , Maria Valentini , Jasmine Xu , Graham Neubig , Alexis Palmer

Reply suggestion models help users process emails and chats faster. Previous work only studies English reply suggestion. Instead, we present MRS, a multilingual reply suggestion dataset with ten languages. MRS can be used to compare two…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-04 Mozhi Zhang , Wei Wang , Budhaditya Deb , Guoqing Zheng , Milad Shokouhi , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in various natural language generation (NLG) tasks. Previous studies suggest that LLMs' generation process involves uncertainty. However, existing approaches to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Yu-Hsiang Wang , Andrew Bai , Che-Ping Tsai , Cho-Jui Hsieh

Sense representations have gone beyond word representations like Word2Vec, GloVe and FastText and achieved innovative performance on a wide range of natural language processing tasks. Although very useful in many applications, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-02 Jessica Rodrigues da Silva , Helena de Medeiros Caseli

Cross-lingual representations of words enable us to reason about word meaning in multilingual contexts and are a key facilitator of cross-lingual transfer when developing natural language processing models for low-resource languages. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Sebastian Ruder , Ivan Vulić , Anders Søgaard

Commonsense knowledge is paramount to enable intelligent systems. Typically, it is characterized as being implicit and ambiguous, hindering thereby the automation of its acquisition. To address these challenges, this paper presents…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-09-28 Ikhlas Alhussien , Erik Cambria , Zhang NengSheng

In the large language model (LLM) revolution, embedding is a key component of various systems, such as retrieving knowledge or memories for LLMs or building content moderation filters. As such cases span from English to other natural or…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Xin Zhang , Zehan Li , Yanzhao Zhang , Dingkun Long , Pengjun Xie , Meishan Zhang , Min Zhang

There have been some works that learn a lexicon together with the corpus to improve the word embeddings. However, they either model the lexicon separately but update the neural networks for both the corpus and the lexicon by the same…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2017-07-25 Yuanzhi Ke , Masafumi Hagiwara

The growing interest in argument mining and computational argumentation brings with it a plethora of Natural Language Understanding (NLU) tasks and corresponding datasets. However, as with many other NLU tasks, the dominant language is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-14 Orith Toledo-Ronen , Matan Orbach , Yonatan Bilu , Artem Spector , Noam Slonim

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a historical task in computational linguistics that has received much attention over the years. However, with the advent of Large Language Models (LLMs), interest in this task (in its classical definition)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Pierpaolo Basile , Lucia Siciliani , Elio Musacchio , Giovanni Semeraro

Hate speech detection is a challenging problem with most of the datasets available in only one language: English. In this paper, we conduct a large scale analysis of multilingual hate speech in 9 languages from 16 different sources. We…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Sai Saketh Aluru , Binny Mathew , Punyajoy Saha , Animesh Mukherjee

Much recent progress in applications of machine learning models to NLP has been driven by benchmarks that evaluate models across a wide variety of tasks. However, these broad-coverage benchmarks have been mostly limited to English, and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-07 Junjie Hu , Sebastian Ruder , Aditya Siddhant , Graham Neubig , Orhan Firat , Melvin Johnson

We present Speech-MASSIVE, a multilingual Spoken Language Understanding (SLU) dataset comprising the speech counterpart for a portion of the MASSIVE textual corpus. Speech-MASSIVE covers 12 languages from different families and inherits…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-08 Beomseok Lee , Ioan Calapodescu , Marco Gaido , Matteo Negri , Laurent Besacier

Understanding the meaning of words in context is a fundamental capability for Large Language Models (LLMs). Despite extensive evaluation efforts, the extent to which LLMs show evidence that they truly grasp word senses remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Domenico Meconi , Simone Stirpe , Federico Martelli , Leonardo Lavalle , Roberto Navigli

When reading a text, it is common to become stuck on unfamiliar words and phrases, such as polysemous words with novel senses, rarely used idioms, internet slang, or emerging entities. If we humans cannot figure out the meaning of those…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Shonosuke Ishiwatari , Hiroaki Hayashi , Naoki Yoshinaga , Graham Neubig , Shoetsu Sato , Masashi Toyoda , Masaru Kitsuregawa

The multilingual BERT model is trained on 104 languages and meant to serve as a universal language model and tool for encoding sentences. We explore how well the model performs on several languages across several tasks: a diagnostic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Samuel Rönnqvist , Jenna Kanerva , Tapio Salakoski , Filip Ginter

We present BabyBabelLM, a multilingual collection of datasets modeling the language a person observes from birth until they acquire a native language. We curate developmentally plausible pretraining data aiming to cover the equivalent of…

Deep learning has advanced NLP, but interpretability remains limited, especially in healthcare and finance. Concept bottleneck models tie predictions to human concepts in vision, but NLP versions either use binary activations that harm text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Yibo Yang