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Related papers: A Formal Language Approach to Explaining RNNs

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We introduce RLang, a domain-specific language (DSL) for communicating domain knowledge to an RL agent. Unlike existing RL DSLs that ground to \textit{single} elements of a decision-making formalism (e.g., the reward function or policy),…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Rafael Rodriguez-Sanchez , Benjamin A. Spiegel , Jennifer Wang , Roma Patel , Stefanie Tellex , George Konidaris

In this paper, we consider networks of static sensors with integrated sensing and communication capabilities. The goal of the sensors is to propagate their collected information to every other agent in the network and possibly a human…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-15 Hans Riess , Yiannis Kantaros , George Pappas , Robert Ghrist

Natural language explanations (NLEs) are a special form of data annotation in which annotators identify rationales (most significant text tokens) when assigning labels to data instances, and write out explanations for the labels in natural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-17 Xinyan Zhao , V. G. Vinod Vydiswaran

A new logic for verification of security policies is proposed. The logic, HyperLTL, extends linear-time temporal logic (LTL) with connectives for explicit and simultaneous quantification over multiple execution paths, thereby enabling…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-07-10 Masoud Koleini , Michael R. Clarkson , Kristopher K. Micinski

Recent work by Hewitt et al. (2020) provides an interpretation of the empirical success of recurrent neural networks (RNNs) as language models (LMs). It shows that RNNs can efficiently represent bounded hierarchical structures that are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Anej Svete , Robin Shing Moon Chan , Ryan Cotterell

We address the problem of learning human-interpretable descriptions of a complex system from a finite set of positive and negative examples of its behavior. In contrast to most of the recent work in this area, which focuses on descriptions…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-11 Rajarshi Roy , Dana Fisman , Daniel Neider

While Large Language Models (LLM) enable non-experts to specify open-world multi-robot tasks, the generated plans often lack kinematic feasibility and are not efficient, especially in long-horizon scenarios. Formal methods like Linear…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Shuyuan Hu , Tao Lin , Kai Ye , Yang Yang , Tianwei Zhang

A challenging problem for autonomous systems is to synthesize a reactive controller that conforms to a set of given correctness properties. Linear temporal logic (LTL) provides a formal language to specify the desired behavioral properties…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Rayna Dimitrova , Mahsa Ghasemi , Ufuk Topcu

B\"uchi automata (BAs) recognize $\omega$-regular languages defined by formal specifications like linear temporal logic (LTL) and are commonly used in the verification of reactive systems. However, BAs face scalability challenges when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Charles Pert , Dalal Alrajeh , Alessandra Russo

We investigate the satisfaction of specifications in Prompt Linear Temporal Logic (Prompt-LTL) by concurrent systems. Prompt-LTL is an extension of LTL that allows to specify parametric bounds on the satisfaction of eventualities, thus…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Swen Jacobs , Mouhammad Sakr , Martin Zimmermann

Computation Tree Logic (CTL) and its extensions CTL* and CTL+ are widely used in automated verification as a basis for common model checking tools. But while they can express many properties of interest like reachability, even simple…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-28 Jens Oliver Gutsfeld , Markus Müller-Olm , Christian Dielitz

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) has become a popular tool for expressing formal requirements of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). The problem of verifying STL properties of neural network-controlled CPS remains a largely unexplored problem. In this…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-03-10 Navid Hashemi , Bardh Hoxha , Tomoya Yamaguchi , Danil Prokhorov , Geogios Fainekos , Jyotirmoy Deshmukh

Safe reinforcement learning (RL) agents accomplish given tasks while adhering to specific constraints. Employing constraints expressed via easily-understandable human language offers considerable potential for real-world applications due to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-16 Xingzhou Lou , Junge Zhang , Ziyan Wang , Kaiqi Huang , Yali Du

Legal decisions should be logical and based on statutory laws. While large language models(LLMs) are good at understanding legal text, they cannot provide verifiable justifications. We present L4L, a solver-centric framework that enforces…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-06 Linze Chen , Yufan Cai , Zhe Hou , Jin Song Dong

Neural language models (LMs) based on recurrent neural networks (RNN) are some of the most successful word and character-level LMs. Why do they work so well, in particular better than linear neural LMs? Possible explanations are that RNNs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-06-21 Marius Pachitariu , Maneesh Sahani

Recurrent neural networks (RNNs) are temporal networks and cumulative in nature that have shown promising results in various natural language processing tasks. Despite their success, it still remains a challenge to understand their hidden…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-07 Pankaj Gupta , Hinrich Schütze

Rational verification refers to the problem of checking which temporal logic properties hold of a concurrent multiagent system, under the assumption that agents in the system choose strategies that form a game-theoretic equilibrium.…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-07-19 Julian Gutierrez , Muhammad Najib , Giuseppe Perelli , Michael Wooldridge

Learning to Reject (LtR) frameworks allow ML models to abstain from uncertain predictions and promote user trust. However, since current LtR strategies focus solely on predictive performance, they completely neglect explanation quality.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Luca Stradiotti , Dario Pesenti , Stefano Teso , Jesse Davis

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has shown promise in various robotics applications, yet its deployment on real systems is still limited due to safety and operational constraints. The safe RL field has gained considerable attention in recent…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-19 Sadık Bera Yüksel , Ali Tevfik Buyukkocak , Derya Aksaray

We develop a formal hierarchy of the expressive capacity of RNN architectures. The hierarchy is based on two formal properties: space complexity, which measures the RNN's memory, and rational recurrence, defined as whether the recurrent…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-09-22 William Merrill , Gail Weiss , Yoav Goldberg , Roy Schwartz , Noah A. Smith , Eran Yahav