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Evolutionary algorithms have been shown to obtain good solutions for complex optimization problems in static and dynamic environments. It is important to understand the behaviour of evolutionary algorithms for complex optimization problems…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Jakob Bossek , Aneta Neumann , Frank Neumann

Travelling Salesperson Problems (TSPs) and Vehicle Routing Problems (VRPs) have achieved reasonable improvement in accuracy and computation time with the adaptation of Machine Learning (ML) methods. However, none of the previous works…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Cong Dao Tran , Thong Bach , Truong Son Hy

Hybrid quantum-classical algorithms can help mitigating the physical limitations of current quantum devices, particularly the low qubit count and the reduced topological connectivity. In this paper, we propose a hybrid technique to solve a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Siwei Hu , Victor Lopata , Salvatore Sinno , Shruthi Thuravakkath , Paolo Zuliani

Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most common studied problems in combinatorial optimization. Given the list of cities and distances between them, the problem is to find the shortest tour possible which visits all the cities in…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2014-01-27 Harun Rasit Er , Nadia Erdogan

Real-world applications often combine learning and optimization problems on graphs. For instance, our objective may be to cluster the graph in order to detect meaningful communities (or solve other common graph optimization problems such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-09 Bryan Wilder , Eric Ewing , Bistra Dilkina , Milind Tambe

Combinatorial optimization is a well-established area in operations research and computer science. Until recently, its methods have focused on solving problem instances in isolation, ignoring that they often stem from related data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Quentin Cappart , Didier Chételat , Elias Khalil , Andrea Lodi , Christopher Morris , Petar Veličković

Deep Reinforcement Learning (DRL) has emerged as a promising approach for solving Combinatorial Optimization (CO) problems, such as the 3D Bin Packing Problem (3D-BPP), Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP), or Vehicle Routing Problem (VRP), but…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Han Fang , Paul Weng , Yutong Ban

The Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is one of the most famous optimization problems. Greedy crossover designed by Greffenstette et al, can be used while Symmetric TSP (STSP) is resolved by Genetic Algorithm (GA). Researchers have proposed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2012-09-25 Hassan Ismkhan , Kamran Zamanifar

In this paper, we explore the graph partitioning problem, a pivotal combina-torial optimization challenge with extensive applications in various fields such as science, technology, and business. Recognized as an NP-hard prob-lem, graph…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-13 Vivek Chaudhary

Learning heuristics for vehicle routing problems (VRPs) has gained much attention due to the less reliance on hand-crafted rules. However, existing methods are typically trained and tested on the same task with a fixed size and distribution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Jianan Zhou , Yaoxin Wu , Wen Song , Zhiguang Cao , Jie Zhang

The Nearest-Better Network (NBN) is a powerful method to visualize sampled data for continuous optimization problems while preserving multiple landscape features. However, the calculation of NBN is very time-consuming, and the extension of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Yiya Diao , Changhe Li , Sanyou Zeng , Xinye Cai , Wenjian Luo , Shengxiang Yang , Carlos A. Coello Coello

We study a new version of the Traveling Salesperson Problem, called \VectorTSP, where the traveler is subject to discrete acceleration constraints, as defined in the paper-and-pencil game Racetrack (also known as Vector Racer). In this…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Arnaud Casteigts , Mathieu Raffinot , Mikhail Raskin , Jason Schoeters

Graph routing problems play a vital role in web-related networks, where finding optimal paths across graphs is essential for efficient data transmission and content delivery. Classic routing formulations such as the Traveling Salesman…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Shiyan Liu , Bohan Tan , Zhiguang Cao , Yan Jin

The Traveling Salesperson Problem (TSP) is a fundamental NP-hard optimisation challenge with widespread applications in logistics, operations research, and network design. While classical algorithms effectively solve small to medium-sized…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-03-04 Christos Lytrosyngounis , Ioannis Lytrosyngounis

Combinatorial optimization problem (COP) over graphs is a fundamental challenge in optimization. Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently emerged as a new framework to tackle these problems and has demonstrated promising results. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-05 Fan Yao , Renqin Cai , Hongning Wang

In recent years, graph neural networks (GNNs) have been widely applied in tackling combinatorial optimization problems. However, existing methods still suffer from limited accuracy when addressing that on complex graphs and exhibit poor…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yuyao Long

We introduce a method based on the Public Goods Game for solving optimization tasks. In particular, we focus on the Traveling Salesman Problem, i.e. a NP-hard problem whose search space exponentially grows increasing the number of cities.…

Physics and Society · Physics 2017-08-30 Marco Alberto Javarone

A well known N P-hard problem called the Generalized Traveling Salesman Problem (GTSP) is considered. In GTSP the nodes of a complete undirected graph are partitioned into clusters. The objective is to find a minimum cost tour passing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-08-15 Camelia-M. Pintea , Petrica C. Pop , Camelia Chira

We propose a non-autoregressive framework for the Travelling Salesman Problem where solutions emerge directly from learned permutations, without requiring explicit search. By applying a similarity transformation to Hamiltonian cycles, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Yimeng Min , Carla P. Gomes

The Travelling Salesman Problem (TSP) is a well-known NP-Hard combinatorial optimisation problem, with industrial use cases such as last-mile delivery. Although TSP has been studied extensively on quantum computers, it is rare to find…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Daniel Goldsmith , Xing Liang , Dimitrios Makris , Hongwei Wu