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We develop a theory of transfer learning in infinitely wide neural networks under gradient flow that quantifies when pretraining on a source task improves generalization on a target task. We analyze both (i) fine-tuning, when the downstream…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Clarissa Lauditi , Blake Bordelon , Cengiz Pehlevan

Transfer learning is a key component of modern machine learning, enhancing the performance of target tasks by leveraging diverse data sources. Simultaneously, overparameterized models such as the minimum-$\ell_2$-norm interpolator (MNI) in…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-19 Yeichan Kim , Ilmun Kim , Seyoung Park

Transfer-learning and meta-learning are two effective methods to apply knowledge learned from large data sources to new tasks. In few-class, few-shot target task settings (i.e. when there are only a few classes and training examples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-11 Amir Erfan Eshratifar , Mohammad Saeed Abrishami , David Eigen , Massoud Pedram

Transfer learning allows practitioners to recognize and apply knowledge learned in previous tasks (source task) to new tasks or new domains (target task), which share some commonality. The two important factors impacting the performance of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-06-01 Michael Bernico , Yuntao Li , Dingchao Zhang

Transfer learning is a machine learning paradigm where knowledge from one problem is utilized to solve a new but related problem. While conceivable that knowledge from one task could be useful for solving a related task, if not executed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-01 Xuetong Wu , Jonathan H. Manton , Uwe Aickelin , Jingge Zhu

Transfer learning is beneficial by allowing the expressive features of models pretrained on large-scale datasets to be finetuned for the target task of smaller, more domain-specific datasets. However, there is a concern that these…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Angelina Wang , Olga Russakovsky

Successful deep learning models often involve training neural network architectures that contain more parameters than the number of training samples. Such overparametrized models have been extensively studied in recent years, and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Hamed Hassani , Adel Javanmard

In transfer learning, the learner leverages auxiliary data to improve generalization on a main task. However, the precise theoretical understanding of when and how auxiliary data help remains incomplete. We provide new insights on this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Meitong Liu , Christopher Jung , Rui Li , Xue Feng , Han Zhao

When fine-tuning Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) to new data, DNNs are prone to overwriting network parameters required for task-specific functionality on previously learned tasks, resulting in a loss of performance on those tasks. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Christopher Angelini , Nidhal Bouaynaya

In practice, it is very demanding and sometimes impossible to collect datasets of tagged data large enough to successfully train a machine learning model, and one possible solution to this problem is transfer learning. This study aims to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-13 Erik Otović , Marko Njirjak , Dario Jozinović , Goran Mauša , Alberto Michelini , Ivan Štajduhar

Training deep neural networks (DNNs) is computationally expensive, which is problematic especially when performing duplicated or similar training runs in model ensemble or fine-tuning pre-trained models, for example. Once we have trained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Daiki Chijiwa

The growing popularity of transfer learning, due to the availability of models pre-trained on vast amounts of data, makes it imperative to understand when the knowledge of these pre-trained models can be transferred to obtain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Akshay Mehra , Yunbei Zhang , Jihun Hamm

Domain adaptation enables the learner to safely generalize into novel environments by mitigating domain shifts across distributions. Previous works may not effectively uncover the underlying reasons that would lead to the drastic model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Ruijia Xu , Guanbin Li , Jihan Yang , Liang Lin

Modern machine learning methods have recently demonstrated remarkable capability to generalize under task shift, where latent knowledge is transferred to a different, often more difficult, task under a similar data distribution. We…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-20 Tyler LaBonte , Kuo-Wei Lai , Vidya Muthukumar

Transfer learning is widely used to adapt large pretrained models to new tasks with only a small amount of new data. However, a challenge persists -- the features from the original task often do not fully cover what is needed for unseen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xingyu Alice Yang , Jianyu Zhang , Léon Bottou

The use of transfer learning with deep neural networks has increasingly become widespread for deploying well-tested computer vision systems to newer domains, especially those with limited datasets. We describe a transfer learning use case…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Rashik Shadman , M. G. Sarwar Murshed , Edward Verenich , Alvaro Velasquez , Faraz Hussain

Methods of transfer learning try to combine knowledge from several related tasks (or domains) to improve performance on a test task. Inspired by causal methodology, we relax the usual covariate shift assumption and assume that it holds true…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-09-25 Mateo Rojas-Carulla , Bernhard Schölkopf , Richard Turner , Jonas Peters

We study the linear subspace fitting problem in the overparameterized setting, where the estimated subspace can perfectly interpolate the training examples. Our scope includes the least-squares solutions to subspace fitting tasks with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-21 Yehuda Dar , Paul Mayer , Lorenzo Luzi , Richard G. Baraniuk

Signal restoration and inverse problems are key elements in most real-world data science applications. In the past decades, with the emergence of machine learning methods, inversion of measurements has become a popular step in almost all…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Deborah Pereg

Overparameterization, the condition where models have more parameters than necessary to fit their training loss, is a crucial factor for the success of deep learning. However, the characteristics of the features learned by overparameterized…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-02 Ahmet Cagri Duzgun , Samy Jelassi , Yuanzhi Li