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Boosting nonlinear frequency conversion in extremely confined volumes remains a key challenge in nano-optics, nanomedicine, photocatalysis, and background-free biosensing. To this aim, field enhancements in plasmonic nanostructures are…

As one of the two types of backward second-harmonic generation (SHG), symmetric SHG exhibits some physical characteristics and application prospects that are distinct from those of forward SHG. It is generally realized through quasi-phase…

Optics · Physics 2025-09-25 Ming-Yuan Gao , Zhi-Yuan Zhou , Bao-Sen Shi

Plasmonic enhancement of nonlinear optical processes confront severe limitations arising from the strong dispersion of metal susceptibilities and small interaction volumes that hamper desirable phase-matching-like conditions. Maximizing…

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a powerful optical tool for identifying non-centrosymmetric crystalline structures. Here, we analyze SHG in multilayer graphenes (MLG), with a focus on its dependence on the stacking order, encapsulation…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2026-03-25 Patrick Johansen Sarsfield , Takaaki V. Joya , Takuto Kawakami , Mikito Koshino , Vladimir Fal'ko

Metasurfaces have long served as a cornerstone technique to enhance nonlinear processes, enabling frequency conversion, efficient light manipulation and integrated photonic devices. However, traditional bulk materials often suffer from high…

Metasurfaces have emerged as a promising platform for integrated nonlinear optics. Nonlocal metasurfaces enable high nonlinear conversion efficiency, while the local ones can offer versatile wavefront control, yet achieving both within a…

Optics · Physics 2026-02-03 Yu Tian , Nuo Wang , Qi Liu , Shuyuan Xiao , Tingting Liu , Olivier J. F. Martin , Ying Gu

We present a theoretical study of second-harmonic generation from a singular metasurface. The singular metasurfaces strongly interact with the incident light, where the large field enhancement forms an intense surface polarization that…

Optics · Physics 2023-01-10 Fan Yang , Cristian Ciracì

Second harmonic generation (SHG) is a coherent nonlinear phenomenon that plays an important role in laser color conversion. Lithium niobate (LN), which features both a large band gap and outstanding second-order nonlinearities, acts as an…

Parametric oscillation is a fundamental concept that underlies nonlinear wave-matter interactions, leading to generation or amplification of new frequency components. Using a temporal modulation generated by the heterodyne interference of a…

Optics · Physics 2020-01-10 Xuexue Guo , Xingjie Ni

The phase-matching condition is a key aspect in nonlinear wavelength conversion processes, which requires the momenta of the photons involved in the processes to be conserved. Conventionally, nonlinear phase matching is achieved using…

Optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) is a nonlinear parametric process that doubles the frequency of incoming light. Only allowed in non-centrosymmetric materials, it has been widely used in frequency modulation of lasers, surface…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-01-05 Wontaek Kim , Je Yhoung Ahn , Juseung Oh , Ji Hoon Shim , Sunmin Ryu

We have investigated second harmonic generation (SHG) from Ag-coated LiNbO3 (LN) core-shell nanocuboids and found that giant SHG can occur via deliberately designed double plasmonic resonances. By controlling the aspect ratio, we can tune…

Optics · Physics 2014-11-19 Ming-Liang Ren , Si-Yuan Liu , Ben-Li Wang , Bao-Qin Chen , Jiafang Li , Zhi-Yuan Li

A new concept for second-harmonic generation (SHG) in an optical nanocircuit is proposed. We demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that the symmetry of an optical mode alone is sufficient to allow SHG even in centro-symmetric…

We investigate optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) from metasurfaces where noncentrosymmetric V-shaped gold nanoparticles are ordered into regular array configurations. In contrast to expectations, a substantial enhancement of the SHG…

The efficient optical second-harmonic generation (SHG) of two-dimensional (2D) crystals, coupled with their atomic thickness that circumvents the phase-match problem, has garnered considerable attention. While various 2D heterostructures…

Materials Science · Physics 2023-10-31 Wontaek Kim , Gyouil Jeong , Juseung Oh , Jihun Kim , Kenji Watanabe , Takashi Taniguchi , Sunmin Ryu

Efficient frequency conversion techniques are crucial to the development of plasmonic metasurfaces for information processing and signal modulation. In principle, nanoscale electric-field confinement in nonlinear materials enables higher…

Resonant metasurfaces are an attractive platform for enhancing the non-linear optical processes, such as second harmonic generation (SHG), since they can generate very large local electromagnetic fields while relaxing the phase-matching…

Hybrid dielectric metasurfaces have emerged as a promising approach to enhancing near field confinement and thus achieving high optical nonlinearity using low loss dielectrics. Additional flexibility in design and fabrication of hybrid…

The nonlinear processes of frequency conversion like second harmonic generation (SHG) usually obey certain selection rules, resulting from the preservation of different kind of physical quantities, e.g., the angular momentum. For SHG…

Optics · Physics 2020-04-09 Florian Spreyer , Ruizhe Zhao , Lingling Huang , Thomas Zentgraf

We develop a multipolar theory of second-harmonic generation (SHG) by dielectric nanoparticles made of noncentrosymmetric materials with bulk quadratic nonlinearity. We specifically analyze two regimes of optical excitation: illumination by…