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The aim of Active Learning is to select the most informative samples from an unlabelled set of data. This is useful in cases where the amount of data is large and labelling is expensive, such as in machine vision or medical imaging. Two…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Julien Combes , Alexandre Derville , Jean-François Coeurjolly

The problem of class imbalance is extensive for focusing on numerous applications in the real world. In such a situation, nearly all of the examples are labeled as one class called majority class, while far fewer examples are labeled as the…

In a standard classification framework a set of trustworthy learning data are employed to build a decision rule, with the final aim of classifying unlabelled units belonging to the test set. Therefore, unreliable labelled observations,…

Applications · Statistics 2019-11-20 Andrea Cappozzo , Francesca Greselin , Thomas Brendan Murphy

Constructing decision trees online is a classical machine learning problem. Existing works often assume that features are readily available for each incoming data point. However, in many real world applications, both feature values and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Arman Rahbar , Ziyu Ye , Yuxin Chen , Morteza Haghir Chehreghani

Food instance segmentation is essential to estimate the serving size of dishes in a food image. The recent cutting-edge techniques for instance segmentation are deep learning networks with impressive segmentation quality and fast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-06-29 Huu-Thanh Nguyen , Yu Cao , Chong-Wah Ngo , Wing-Kwong Chan

Class imbalance poses a significant challenge in classification tasks, where traditional approaches often lead to biased models and unreliable predictions. Undersampling and oversampling techniques have been commonly employed to address…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Matt Clifford , Jonathan Erskine , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Dario Garcia-Garcia

In this paper, we propose a novel approach based on cost-sensitive ensemble weighted extreme learning machine; we call this approach AE1-WELM. We apply this approach to text classification. AE1-WELM is an algorithm including balanced and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2018-05-18 Ming Li , Peilun Xiao , Ju Zhang

Despite extensive research spanning several decades, class imbalance is still considered a profound difficulty for both machine learning and deep learning models. While data oversampling is the foremost technique to address this issue,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Sukumar Kishanthan , Asela Hevapathige

Label shift, a prevalent challenge in supervised learning, arises when the class prior distribution of test data differs from that of training data, leading to significant degradation in classifier performance. To accurately estimate the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Jiawei Hu , Javier A. Barria

Class distribution skews in imbalanced datasets may lead to models with prediction bias towards majority classes, making fair assessment of classifiers a challenging task. Metrics such as Balanced Accuracy are commonly used to evaluate a…

Active learning aims to efficiently build a labeled training set by strategically selecting samples to query labels from annotators. In this sequential process, each sample acquisition influences subsequent selections, causing dependencies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Beyza Kalkanli , Tales Imbiriba , Stratis Ioannidis , Deniz Erdogmus , Jennifer Dy

In practice, machine learning experts are often confronted with imbalanced data. Without accounting for the imbalance, common classifiers perform poorly and standard evaluation metrics mislead the practitioners on the model's performance. A…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Ramiro Camino , Christian Hammerschmidt , Radu State

Extreme multi-label classification (XMC) aims to learn a model that can tag data points with a subset of relevant labels from an extremely large label set. Real world e-commerce applications like personalized recommendations and product…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-23 Tavor Z. Baharav , Daniel L. Jiang , Kedarnath Kolluri , Sujay Sanghavi , Inderjit S. Dhillon

Meta-learning has emerged as a prominent technology for few-shot text classification and has achieved promising performance. However, existing methods often encounter difficulties in drawing accurate class prototypes from support set…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-15 Xinyue Liu , Yunlong Gao , Linlin Zong , Bo Xu

While a broad range of techniques have been proposed to tackle distribution shift, the simple baseline of training on an $\textit{undersampled}$ balanced dataset often achieves close to state-of-the-art-accuracy across several popular…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-21 Niladri S. Chatterji , Saminul Haque , Tatsunori Hashimoto

Label noise is ubiquitous in real-world scenarios, posing a practical challenge to supervised models due to its effect in hurting the generalization performance of deep neural networks. Existing methods primarily employ the sample selection…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Mengmeng Sheng , Zeren Sun , Tao Chen , Shuchao Pang , Yucheng Wang , Yazhou Yao

Nowadays, many classification algorithms have been applied to various industries to help them work out their problems met in real-life scenarios. However, in many binary classification tasks, samples in the minority class only make up a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Xiayu Liang , Ying Gao , Shanrong Xu

For machine learning models trained with limited labeled training data, validation stands to become the main bottleneck to reducing overall annotation costs. We propose a statistical validation algorithm that accurately estimates the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Fait Poms , Vishnu Sarukkai , Ravi Teja Mullapudi , Nimit S. Sohoni , William R. Mark , Deva Ramanan , Kayvon Fatahalian

We study online classification of features into labels with general hypothesis classes. In our setting, true labels are determined by some function within the hypothesis class but are corrupted by unknown stochastic noise, and the features…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Changlong Wu , Ananth Grama , Wojciech Szpankowski

To obtain a large amount of training labels inexpensively, researchers have recently adopted the weak supervision (WS) paradigm, which leverages labeling rules to synthesize training labels rather than using individual annotations to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-10 Linxin Song , Jieyu Zhang , Tianxiang Yang , Masayuki Goto