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In most clinical trials, patients are randomized with equal probability among treatments to obtain an unbiased estimate of the treatment effect. Response-adaptive randomization (RAR) has been proposed for ethical reasons, where the…

Applications · Statistics 2019-09-16 Thevaa Chandereng , Rick Chappell

The use of Bayesian adaptive designs for randomised controlled trials has been hindered by the lack of software readily available to statisticians. We have developed a new software package (Bayesian Adaptive Trials Simulator Software -…

Phase 1-2 designs provide a methodological advance over phase 1 designs for dose finding by using both clinical response and toxicity. A phase 1-2 trial still may fail to select a truly optimal dose. because early response is not a perfect…

Applications · Statistics 2024-04-03 Cheng-Han Yang , Peter F. Thall , Ruitao Lin

Most Bayesian response-adaptive designs unbalance randomization rates towards the most promising arms with the goal of increasing the number of positive treatment outcomes during the study, even though the primary aim of the trial is…

Applications · Statistics 2018-07-02 Steffen Ventz , Matteo Cellamare , Sergio Bacallado , Lorenzo Trippa

Phase I dose-finding trials are increasingly challenging as the relationship between efficacy and toxicity of new compounds (or combination of them) becomes more complex. Despite this, most commonly used methods in practice focus on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-16 Cong Shen , Zhiyang Wang , Sofia S. Villar , Mihaela van der Schaar

Throughout the different phases of a drug development program, randomized trials are used to establish the tolerability, safety, and efficacy of a candidate drug. At each stage one aims to optimize the design of future studies by…

Applications · Statistics 2021-02-08 Sebastian Weber , Andrew Gelman , Daniel Lee , Michael Betancourt , Aki Vehtari , Amy Racine

Bayesian optimal experimental design (OED) seeks to conduct the most informative experiment under budget constraints to update the prior knowledge of a system to its posterior from the experimental data in a Bayesian framework. Such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-29 Rafael Orozco , Felix J. Herrmann , Peng Chen

We propose a novel Bayesian model selection technique on linear mixed-effects models to compare multiple treatments with a control. A fully Bayesian approach is implemented to estimate the marginal inclusion probabilities that provide a…

Applications · Statistics 2015-09-28 Lei Gong , James M. Flegal , Stephen R. Spindler , Patricia L. Mote

Background: Advanced adaptive randomised clinical trials are increasingly used. Compared to their conventional counterparts, their flexibility may make them more efficient, increase the probability of obtaining conclusive results without…

We consider an adaptive experiment for treatment choice and design a minimax and Bayes optimal adaptive experiment with respect to regret. Given binary treatments, the experimenter's goal is to choose the treatment with the highest expected…

Econometrics · Economics 2025-12-10 Masahiro Kato

Randomized experiments have been the gold standard for assessing the effectiveness of a treatment or policy. The classical complete randomization approach assigns treatments based on a prespecified probability and may lead to inefficient…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-26 Waverly Wei , Xinwei Ma , Jingshen Wang

Dose-finding clinical trials in oncology aim to determine the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) of a new drug, generally defined by the proportion of patients with short-term dose-limiting toxicities (DLTs). Model-based approaches for such phase…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-12-08 Moreno Ursino , Lucie Biard , Sylvie Chevret

Given the cost and duration of phase III and phase IV clinical trials, the development of statistical methods for go/no-go decisions is vital. In this paper, we introduce a Bayesian methodology to compute the probability of success based on…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-10-27 Ethan M. Alt , Matthew A. Psioda , Joseph G. Ibrahim

Count outcomes in longitudinal studies are frequent in clinical and engineering studies. In frequentist and Bayesian statistical analysis, methods such as Mixed linear models allow the variability or correlation within individuals to be…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-07-15 Alejandra Estefanía Patiño Hoyos , Johnatan Cardona Jiménez

The I-SPY2 phase 2 clinical trial is a long-running platform trial that evaluates neoadjuvant treatments for locally advanced breast cancer, assigning subjects to novel agents using response-adaptive randomization. Recently, I-SPY2 was…

Interval designs are a class of phase I trial designs for which the decision of dose assignment is determined by comparing the observed toxicity rate at the current dose with a prespecified (toxicity tolerance) interval. If the observed…

Methodology · Statistics 2013-09-20 Suyu Liu , Ying Yuan

Randomized clinical trials are considered the gold standard for estimating causal effects. Nevertheless, in studies that are aimed at examining adverse effects of interventions, such trials are often impractical because of ethical and…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-01-20 Anthony D. Scotina , Andrew R. Zullo , Robert J. Smith , Roee Gutman

Bayesian optimal experimental design has immense potential to inform the collection of data so as to subsequently enhance our understanding of a variety of processes. However, a major impediment is the difficulty in evaluating optimal…

Computation · Statistics 2018-03-14 David J. Price , Nigel G. Bean , Joshua V. Ross , Jonathan Tuke

For randomized clinical trials where a single, primary, binary endpoint would require unfeasibly large sample sizes, composite endpoints are widely chosen as the primary endpoint. Despite being commonly used, composite endpoints entail…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-09-27 Marta Bofill Roig , Guadalupe Gómez Melis , Martin Posch , Franz Koenig

This paper considers multiple binary hypothesis tests with adaptive allocation of sensing resources from a shared budget over a small number of stages. A Bayesian formulation is provided for the multistage allocation problem of minimizing…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-11-05 Dennis Wei