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Multi-hop Question Answering over Knowledge Graph~(KGQA) aims to find the answer entities that are multiple hops away from the topic entities mentioned in a natural language question on a large-scale Knowledge Graph (KG). To cope with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-03-02 Jinhao Jiang , Kun Zhou , Wayne Xin Zhao , Ji-Rong Wen

A multi-hop question answering (QA) dataset aims to test reasoning and inference skills by requiring a model to read multiple paragraphs to answer a given question. However, current datasets do not provide a complete explanation for the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-13 Xanh Ho , Anh-Khoa Duong Nguyen , Saku Sugawara , Akiko Aizawa

We study the challenge of learning causal reasoning over procedural text to answer "What if..." questions when external commonsense knowledge is required. We propose a novel multi-hop graph reasoning model to 1) efficiently extract a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Chen Zheng , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Graph convolutional network (GCN) based approaches have achieved significant progress for solving complex, graph-structured problems. GCNs incorporate the graph structure information and the node (or edge) features through message passing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Saurav Manchanda , Da Zheng , George Karypis

Multi-hop question answering (QA) requires reasoning across multiple documents, yet existing retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) approaches address this either through graph-based methods requiring additional online processing or iterative…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-18 Zhenghua Bao , Yi Shi

Long document question answering is a challenging task due to its demands for complex reasoning over long text. Previous works usually take long documents as non-structured flat texts or only consider the local structure in long documents.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-20 Yuxiang Nie , Heyan Huang , Wei Wei , Xian-Ling Mao

The `pre-train, prompt, predict' paradigm of large language models (LLMs) has achieved remarkable success in open-domain question answering (OD-QA). However, few works explore this paradigm in the scenario of multi-document question…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-27 Yu Wang , Nedim Lipka , Ryan A. Rossi , Alexa Siu , Ruiyi Zhang , Tyler Derr

Commonsense question answering has demonstrated considerable potential across various applications like assistants and social robots. Although fully fine-tuned pre-trained Language Models(LM) have achieved remarkable performance in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Ruiting Dai , Yuqiao Tan , Lisi Mo , Shuang Liang , Guohao Huo , Jiayi Luo , Yao Cheng

Multi-hop question answering (QA) is widely used to evaluate the reasoning capabilities of large language models, yet most benchmarks focus on final answer correctness and overlook intermediate reasoning, especially in long multimodal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Biao Xiang , Soyeon Caren Han , Yihao Ding

Multi-hop query answering over a Knowledge Graph (KG) involves traversing one or more hops from the start node to answer a query. Path-based and logic-based methods are state-of-the-art for multi-hop question answering. The former is used…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Mayank Kharbanda , Rajiv Ratn Shah , Raghava Mutharaju

Due to the development of graph neural networks, graph-based representation learning methods have made great progress in recommender systems. However, data sparsity is still a challenging problem that most graph-based recommendation methods…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2021-10-25 Chaoyang Wang , Zhiqiang Guo , Guohui Li , Jianjun Li , Peng Pan , Ke Liu

Multi-hop question answering requires models to gather information from different parts of a text to answer a question. Most current approaches learn to address this task in an end-to-end way with neural networks, without maintaining an…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Jifan Chen , Shih-ting Lin , Greg Durrett

Self-attention mechanism in graph neural networks (GNNs) led to state-of-the-art performance on many graph representation learning tasks. Currently, at every layer, attention is computed between connected pairs of nodes and depends solely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Guangtao Wang , Rex Ying , Jing Huang , Jure Leskovec

Multi-hop reasoning over financial disclosures is often a retrieval problem before it becomes a reasoning or generation problem: relevant facts are dispersed across sections, filings, companies, and years, and LLMs often expend excessive…

Computational Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-10-06 Abhinav Arun , Reetu Raj Harsh , Bhaskarjit Sarmah , Stefano Pasquali

Existing Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) follow the message-passing mechanism that conducts information interaction among nodes iteratively. While considerable progress has been made, such node interaction paradigms still have the following…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Jie Chen , Zilong Li , Yin Zhu , Junping Zhang , Jian Pu

Multi-hop Question Answering (QA) requires the machine to answer complex questions by finding scattering clues and reasoning from multiple documents. Graph Network (GN) and Question Decomposition (QD) are two common approaches at present.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Jiawei Li , Mucheng Ren , Yang Gao , Yizhe Yang

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable success across a wide range of tasks; however, they still encounter challenges in reasoning tasks that require understanding and inferring relationships between distinct pieces of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Haoyu Han , Yaochen Xie , Hui Liu , Xianfeng Tang , Sreyashi Nag , William Headden , Hui Liu , Yang Li , Chen Luo , Shuiwang Ji , Qi He , Jiliang Tang

Heterogeneous graph convolutional networks have gained great popularity in tackling various network analytical tasks on heterogeneous network data, ranging from link prediction to node classification. However, most existing works ignore the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-08-15 Pengyang Yu , Chaofan Fu , Yanwei Yu , Chao Huang , Zhongying Zhao , Junyu Dong

Incorporating prior knowledge can improve existing pre-training models in cloze-style machine reading and has become a new trend in recent studies. Notably, most of the existing models have integrated external knowledge graphs (KG) and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Shima Foolad , Kourosh Kiani

Readability or difficulty estimation of words and documents has been investigated independently in the literature, often assuming the existence of extensive annotated resources for the other. Motivated by our analysis showing that there is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-28 Yoshinari Fujinuma , Masato Hagiwara
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