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Flow models have rapidly become the go-to method for training and deploying large-scale generators, owing their success to inference-time flexibility via adjustable integration steps. A crucial ingredient in flow training is the choice of…

Variational inference with normalizing flows (NFs) is an increasingly popular alternative to MCMC methods. In particular, NFs based on coupling layers (Real NVPs) are frequently used due to their good empirical performance. In theory,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-02-27 Daniel Andrade

This paper presents a parameter scan technique for BSM signal models based on normalizing flow. Normalizing flow is a type of deep learning model that transforms a simple probability distribution into a complex probability distribution as…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-09-23 Masahiko Saito , Masahiro Morinaga , Tomoe Kishimoto , Junichi Tanaka

In this work, we demonstrate how to reliably estimate epistemic uncertainty while maintaining the flexibility needed to capture complicated aleatoric distributions. To this end, we propose an ensemble of Normalizing Flows (NF), which are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-05 Lucas Berry , David Meger

Recently, there has been a surge of interest in incorporating neural networks into particle filters, e.g. differentiable particle filters, to perform joint sequential state estimation and model learning for non-linear non-Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-07 Xiongjie Chen , Yunpeng Li

Normalising Flows are non-parametric statistical models characterised by their dual capabilities of density estimation and generation. This duality requires an inherently invertible architecture. However, the requirement of invertibility…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-28 Eshant English , Matthias Kirchler , Christoph Lippert

Efficient gradient computation of the Jacobian determinant term is a core problem in many machine learning settings, and especially so in the normalizing flow framework. Most proposed flow models therefore either restrict to a function…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-10 T. Anderson Keller , Jorn W. T. Peters , Priyank Jaini , Emiel Hoogeboom , Patrick Forré , Max Welling

The computational cost associated with simulating fluid flows can make it infeasible to run many simulations across multiple flow conditions. Building upon concepts from generative modeling, we introduce a new method for learning neural…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-12-17 Jeremy Morton , Freddie D. Witherden , Mykel J. Kochenderfer

We propose a general purpose Bayesian inference algorithm for expensive likelihoods, replacing the stochastic term in the Langevin equation with a deterministic density gradient term. The particle density is evaluated from the current…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-10-14 Richard D. P. Grumitt , Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

Building on the recent trend of new deep generative models known as Normalizing Flows (NF), simulation-based inference (SBI) algorithms can now efficiently accommodate arbitrary complex and high-dimensional data distributions. The…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2022-11-28 Julia Linhart , Alexandre Gramfort , Pedro L. C. Rodrigues

The sampling of probability distributions specified up to a normalization constant is an important problem in both machine learning and statistical mechanics. While classical stochastic sampling methods such as Markov Chain Monte Carlo…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-27 Hao Wu , Jonas Köhler , Frank Noé

Normalizing flows and autoregressive models have been successfully combined to produce state-of-the-art results in density estimation, via Masked Autoregressive Flows (MAF), and to accelerate state-of-the-art WaveNet-based speech synthesis…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-04 Chin-Wei Huang , David Krueger , Alexandre Lacoste , Aaron Courville

Normalizing flows have emerged as an important family of deep neural networks for modelling complex probability distributions. In this note, we revisit their coupling and autoregressive transformation layers as probabilistic graphical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-05 Antoine Wehenkel , Gilles Louppe

Mean flow (MeanFlow) enables efficient, high-fidelity image generation, yet its single-function evaluation (1-NFE) generation often cannot yield compelling results. We address this issue by introducing RMFlow, an efficient multimodal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yuhao Huang , Shih-Hsin Wang , Andrea L. Bertozzi , Bao Wang

Normalizing Flows (NFs) describe a class of models that express a complex target distribution as the composition of a series of bijective transformations over a simpler base distribution. By limiting the space of candidate transformations…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-11 Keegan Kelly , Lorena Piedras , Sukrit Rao , David Roth

Neural network observers (NNOs) are proposed for real-time estimation of fluid flows, addressing a key challenge in flow control: obtaining real-time flow states from a limited set of sparse and noisy sensor data. For this task, we propose…

Fluid Dynamics · Physics 2025-11-06 Tarcísio C. Déda , William R. Wolf , Scott T. M. Dawson , Brener L. O. Ramos

We introduce the Flow Stochastic Segmentation Network (Flow-SSN), a generative segmentation model family featuring discrete-time autoregressive and modern continuous-time flow variants. We prove fundamental limitations of the low-rank…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-28 Fabio De Sousa Ribeiro , Omar Todd , Charles Jones , Avinash Kori , Raghav Mehta , Ben Glocker

Quantifying uncertainty in medical image segmentation applications is essential, as it is often connected to vital decision-making. Compelling attempts have been made in quantifying the uncertainty in image segmentation architectures, e.g.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-08-06 M. M. A. Valiuddin , C. G. A. Viviers , R. J. G. van Sloun , P. H. N. de With , F. van der Sommen

Unsupervised anomaly detection is often framed around two widely studied paradigms. Deep one-class classification, exemplified by Deep SVDD, learns compact latent representations of normality, while density estimators realized by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Faried Abu Zaid , Tim Katzke , Emmanuel Müller , Daniel Neider

Real-time high-accuracy optical flow estimation is a crucial component in various applications, including localization and mapping in robotics, object tracking, and activity recognition in computer vision. While recent learning-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Zhiyong Zhang , Huaizu Jiang , Hanumant Singh