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Related papers: A Primer on Zeroth-Order Optimization in Signal Pr…

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This paper investigates the stochastic distributed nonconvex optimization problem of minimizing a global cost function formed by the summation of $n$ local cost functions. We solve such a problem by involving zeroth-order (ZO) information…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-10-15 Shengjun Zhang , Yunlong Dong , Dong Xie , Lisha Yao , Colleen P. Bailey , Shengli Fu

Advances in numerical optimization have supported breakthroughs in several areas of signal processing. This paper focuses on the recent enhanced variants of the proximal gradient numerical optimization algorithm, which combine quasi-Newton…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-01-28 Niccolò Antonello , Lorenzo Stella , Panagiotis Patrinos , Toon van Waterschoot

Most zeroth-order optimization algorithms mimic a first-order algorithm but replace the gradient of the objective function with some gradient estimator that can be computed from a small number of function evaluations. This estimator is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-12 Wouter Jongeneel , Man-Chung Yue , Daniel Kuhn

The graduated optimization approach, also known as the continuation method, is a popular heuristic to solving non-convex problems that has received renewed interest over the last decade. Despite its popularity, very little is known in terms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-28 Elad Hazan , Kfir Y. Levy , Shai Shalev-Shwartz

The efficacy of large language models (LLMs) in understanding and generating natural language has aroused a wide interest in developing prompt-based methods to harness the power of black-box LLMs. Existing methodologies usually prioritize a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Wenyang Hu , Yao Shu , Zongmin Yu , Zhaoxuan Wu , Xiangqiang Lin , Zhongxiang Dai , See-Kiong Ng , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

A new technique of global optimization and its applications in particular to neural networks are presented. The algorithm is also compared to other global optimization algorithms such as Gradient descent (GD), Monte Carlo (MC), Genetic…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-12-18 Homayoun Valafar , Okan K. Ersoy , Faramarz Valafar

We investigate accelerated zeroth-order algorithms for smooth composite convex optimization problems. While for unconstrained optimization, existing methods that merge 2-point zeroth-order gradient estimators with first-order frameworks…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-07-15 Silan Zhang , Yujie Tang

We study mathematical programs with equilibrium constraints, in which a leader knows their own cost function, but lacks a model of the followers' response. Instead, the leader can only query this response at specific points. While this…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-19 Miriam Fischer , Dario Paccagnan

In this paper we analyze a zeroth-order proximal stochastic gradient method suitable for the minimization of weakly convex stochastic optimization problems. We consider nonsmooth and nonlinear stochastic composite problems, for which…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Spyridon Pougkakiotis , Dionysios S. Kalogerias

Distributed optimization is fundamental to modern machine learning applications like federated learning, but existing methods often struggle with ill-conditioned problems and face stability-versus-speed tradeoffs. We introduce fractional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-04 Andrei Lixandru , Marcel van Gerven , Sergio Pequito

Online bilevel optimization (OBO) is a powerful framework for machine learning problems where both outer and inner objectives evolve over time, requiring dynamic updates. Current OBO approaches rely on deterministic \textit{window-smoothed}…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Parvin Nazari , Bojian Hou , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Li Shen , George Michailidis

The zeroth-order optimization has been widely used in machine learning applications. However, the theoretical study of the zeroth-order optimization focus on the algorithms which approximate (first-order) gradients using (zeroth-order)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Haishan Ye

We study a class of zeroth-order distributed optimization problems, where each agent can control a partial vector and observe a local cost that depends on the joint vector of all agents, and the agents can communicate with each other with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-01-09 Xinran Zheng , Tara Javidi , Behrouz Touri

Saddle-point problems have recently gained increased attention from the machine learning community, mainly due to applications in training Generative Adversarial Networks using stochastic gradients. At the same time, in some applications…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-07 Abdurakhmon Sadiev , Aleksandr Beznosikov , Pavel Dvurechensky , Alexander Gasnikov

Zeroth-order (ZO) optimization provides a powerful framework for problems where explicit gradients are unavailable and have to be approximated using only queries to function value. The prevalent single-query approach is simple, but suffers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Wei Lin , Qingyu Song , Hong Xu

Zeroth-Order optimization presents a promising memory-efficient paradigm for fine-tuning Large Language Models by relying solely on forward passes. However, its practical adoption is severely constrained by slow wall-clock convergence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Fei Wang , Li Shen , Liang Ding , Chao Xue , Ye Liu , Changxing Ding

We study the problem of training neural networks with quantized parameters. Learning low-precision quantized parameters by enabling computation of gradients via the Straight-Through Estimator (STE) can be challenging. While the STE enables…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Ningfeng Yang , Tor M. Aamodt

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) often faces GPU memory bottlenecks: the backward pass of first-order optimizers like Adam increases memory usage to more than 10 times the inference level (e.g., 633 GB for OPT-30B). Zeroth-order…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Sizhe Dang , Yangyang Guo , Yanjun Zhao , Haishan Ye , Xiaodong Zheng , Guang Dai , Ivor Tsang

We consider a zeroth-order distributed optimization problem, where the global objective function is a black-box function and, as such, its gradient information is inaccessible to the local agents. Instead, the local agents can only use the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-09-29 Yi Shen , Yan Zhang , Scott Nivison , Zachary I. Bell , Michael M. Zavlanos

Meta-learning has been proposed as a promising machine learning topic in recent years, with important applications to image classification, robotics, computer games, and control systems. In this paper, we study the problem of using…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-05-28 Yunian Pan , Quanyan Zhu