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Based on a generative model (GM) and beliefs over hidden states, the free energy principle (FEP) enables an agent to sense and act by minimizing a free energy bound on Bayesian surprise. Inclusion of prior beliefs in the GM about desired…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-07-28 Thijs van de Laar , Ayça Özçelikkale , Henk Wymeersch

Predicting future sensory states is crucial for learning agents such as robots, drones, and autonomous vehicles. In this paper, we couple multiple sensory modalities with exploratory actions and propose a predictive neural network…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-09-17 Xiaohui Chen , Ramtin Hosseini , Karen Panetta , Jivko Sinapov

Embodied task planning requires agents to execute long-horizon, goal-directed actions in complex 3D environments, where success depends on both immediate perception and accumulated experience across tasks. However, most existing LLM-based…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Xiaoyu Ma , Lianyu Hu , Wenbing Tang , Zixuan Hu , Zeqin Liao , Zhizhen Wu , Yang Liu

Face Emotion Recognition (FER) is essential for social interactions and understanding others' mental states. Utilizing eye tracking to investigate FER has yielded insights into cognitive processes. In this study, we utilized an…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Meisam J. Seikavandi , Maria J. Barrett , Paolo Burelli

Embodied Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an intelligent system formed by agents and their environment through active perception, embodied cognition, and action interaction. Existing embodied AI remains confined to human-crafted setting, in…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Tongtong Feng , Xin Wang , Wenwu Zhu

Numerous embedding models have been recently explored to incorporate semantic knowledge into visual recognition. Existing methods typically focus on minimizing the distance between the corresponding images and texts in the embedding space…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Dong Li , Hsin-Ying Lee , Jia-Bin Huang , Shengjin Wang , Ming-Hsuan Yang

Free energy perturbation (FEP) was proposed by Zwanzig more than six decades ago as a method to estimate free energy differences, and has since inspired a huge body of related methods that use it as an integral building block. Being an…

We study lifelong visual perception in an embodied setup, where we develop new models and compare various agents that navigate in buildings and occasionally request annotations which, in turn, are used to refine their visual perception…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-30 David Nilsson , Aleksis Pirinen , Erik Gärtner , Cristian Sminchisescu

In this paper, we propose a novel self-supervised representation learning method, Self-EMD, for object detection. Our method directly trained on unlabeled non-iconic image dataset like COCO, instead of commonly used iconic-object image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-03-23 Songtao Liu , Zeming Li , Jian Sun

The brain attenuates its responses to self-produced exteroceptions (e.g., we cannot tickle ourselves). Is this phenomenon, known as sensory attenuation, enabled innately, or acquired through learning? Here, our simulation study using a…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2022-08-15 Hayato Idei , Wataru Ohata , Yuichi Yamashita , Tetsuya Ogata , Jun Tani

Human decision-making heavily relies on active sensing, a well-documented cognitive behaviour for evidence gathering to accommodate ever-changing environments. However, its operational mechanism in the real world remains non-trivial.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Hongliang Lu , Yunmeng Liu , Junjie Yang

Imagine sitting at your desk, looking at objects on it. You do not know their exact distances from your eye in meters, but you can immediately reach out and touch them. Instead of an externally defined unit, your sense of distance is tied…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Levi Burner , Cornelia Fermüller , Yiannis Aloimonos

When a robot encounters a novel object, how should it respond$\unicode{x2014}$what data should it collect$\unicode{x2014}$so that it can find the object in the future? In this work, we present a method for learning image features of an…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Allison Pinosky , Todd D. Murphey

Learning-based perception and prediction modules in modern autonomous driving systems typically rely on expensive human annotation and are designed to perceive only a handful of predefined object categories. This closed-set paradigm is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Mahyar Najibi , Jingwei Ji , Yin Zhou , Charles R. Qi , Xinchen Yan , Scott Ettinger , Dragomir Anguelov

In a developmental framework, autonomous robots need to explore the world and learn how to interact with it. Without an a priori model of the system, this opens the challenging problem of having robots master their interface with the world:…

Robotics · Computer Science 2016-08-04 Alban Laflaquière

Continuously estimating an agent's state space and a representation of its surroundings has proven vital towards full autonomy. A shared common ground among systems which successfully achieve this feat is the integration of previously…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gil Avraham , Yan Zuo , Thanuja Dharmasiri , Tom Drummond

Sensing and Perception (S&P) is a crucial component of an autonomous system (such as a robot), especially when deployed in highly dynamic environments where it is required to react to unexpected situations. This is particularly true in case…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-09-06 Andrea Piazzoni , Jim Cherian , Martin Slavik , Justin Dauwels

Many model-based Visual Odometry (VO) algorithms have been proposed in the past decade, often restricted to the type of camera optics, or the underlying motion manifold observed. We envision robots to be able to learn and perform these…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-05-30 Sudeep Pillai , John J. Leonard

Embodied navigation holds significant promise for real-world applications such as last-mile delivery. However, most existing approaches are confined to either indoor or outdoor environments and rely heavily on strong assumptions, such as…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Yuxiang Zhao , Yirong Yang , Yanqing Zhu , Yanfen Shen , Chiyu Wang , Zhining Gu , Pei Shi , Wei Guo , Mu Xu

In this paper we introduce a general estimation methodology for learning a model of human perception and control in a sensorimotor control task based upon a finite set of demonstrations. The model's structure consists of i the agent's…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-02 Ran Wei , Anthony D. McDonald , Alfredo Garcia , Gustav Markkula , Johan Engstrom , Matthew O'Kelly