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The two key characteristics of a normalizing flow is that it is invertible (in particular, dimension preserving) and that it monitors the amount by which it changes the likelihood of data points as samples are propagated along the network.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-27 Bálint Máté , Samuel Klein , Tobias Golling , François Fleuret

Normalizing flows are a powerful class of generative models demonstrating strong performance in several speech and vision problems. In contrast to other generative models, normalizing flows are latent variable models with tractable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Dmitry Baranchuk , Vladimir Aliev , Artem Babenko

Normalizing flows can transform a simple prior probability distribution into a more complex target distribution. Here, we evaluate the ability and efficiency of generative machine learning methods to sample the Boltzmann distribution of an…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2024-09-16 Gerhard Jung , Giulio Biroli , Ludovic Berthier

Many-body perturbation theory provides a powerful framework to study the ground state and thermodynamic properties of nuclear matter as well as associated single-particle potentials and response functions within a systematic order-by-order…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-12-30 Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt , Albany Blackburn

Flow-based models are powerful tools for designing probabilistic models with tractable density. This paper introduces Convex Potential Flows (CP-Flow), a natural and efficient parameterization of invertible models inspired by the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Chin-Wei Huang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Christos Tsirigotis , Aaron Courville

Normalizing flows are a powerful technique for obtaining reparameterizable samples from complex multimodal distributions. Unfortunately, current approaches are only available for the most basic geometries and fall short when the underlying…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-05-03 Luca Falorsi

We propose a unifying approach that starts from the perturbative construction of trivializing maps by L\"uscher and then improves on it by learning. The resulting continuous normalizing flow model can be implemented using common tools of…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2023-03-29 Simone Bacchio , Pan Kessel , Stefan Schaefer , Lorenz Vaitl

We introduce a method for reconstructing an infinitesimal normalizing flow given only an infinitesimal change to a (possibly unnormalized) probability distribution. This reverses the conventional task of normalizing flows -- rather than…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-04 David Pfau , Danilo Rezende

We propose an implicit neural formulation of optimal transport that eliminates adversarial min--max optimization and multi-network architectures commonly used in existing approaches. Our key idea is to parameterize a single potential in the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-12 Yesom Park , Eric Gelphman , Stanley Osher , Samy Wu Fung

Normalizing flows are a powerful technique for obtaining reparameterizable samples from complex multimodal distributions. Unfortunately current approaches fall short when the underlying space has a non trivial topology, and are only…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-12 Luca Falorsi , Patrick Forré

Given datasets from multiple domains, a key challenge is to efficiently exploit these data sources for modeling a target domain. Variants of this problem have been studied in many contexts, such as cross-domain translation and domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-24 Aditya Grover , Christopher Chute , Rui Shu , Zhangjie Cao , Stefano Ermon

We study non-convex subgradient flows for training two-layer ReLU neural networks from a convex geometry and duality perspective. We characterize the implicit bias of unregularized non-convex gradient flow as convex regularization of an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Yifei Wang , Mert Pilanci

This paper investigates the connections between rectified flows, flow matching, and optimal transport. Flow matching is a recent approach to learning generative models by estimating velocity fields that guide transformations from a source…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Johannes Hertrich , Antonin Chambolle , Julie Delon

Normalizing Flows are generative models which produce tractable distributions where both sampling and density evaluation can be efficient and exact. The goal of this survey article is to give a coherent and comprehensive review of the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-06-09 Ivan Kobyzev , Simon J. D. Prince , Marcus A. Brubaker

Fueled by the expressive power of deep neural networks, normalizing flows have achieved spectacular success in generative modeling, or learning to draw new samples from a distribution given a finite dataset of training samples. Normalizing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Yuehaw Khoo , Michael Lindsey , Hongli Zhao

We introduce fast algorithms for generalized unnormalized optimal transport. To handle densities with different total mass, we consider a dynamic model, which mixes the $L^p$ optimal transport with $L^p$ distance. For $p=1$, we derive the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-04-07 Wonjun Lee , Rongjie Lai , Wuchen Li , Stanley Osher

Continuous normalizing flows are known to be highly expressive and flexible, which allows for easier incorporation of large symmetries and makes them a powerful computational tool for lattice field theories. Building on previous work, we…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-12-22 Mathis Gerdes , Pim de Haan , Roberto Bondesan , Miranda C. N. Cheng

Capacity constrained optimal transport is a variant of optimal transport, which adds extra constraints on the set of feasible couplings in the original optimal transport problem to limit the mass transported between each pair of source and…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-02-13 Tianhao Wu , Qihao Cheng , Zihao Wang , Chaorui Zhang , Bo Bai , Zhongyi Huang , Hao Wu

Generative models are a promising tool to address the sampling problem in multi-body and condensed-matter systems in the framework of statistical mechanics. In this work, we show that normalizing flows can be used to learn a transformation…

Computational Physics · Physics 2022-08-23 Alessandro Coretti , Sebastian Falkner , Phillip Geissler , Christoph Dellago

Normalizing flows are a class of machine learning models used to construct a complex distribution through a bijective mapping of a simple base distribution. We demonstrate that normalizing flows are particularly well suited as a Monte Carlo…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-08-11 Jack Brady , Pengsheng Wen , Jeremy W. Holt