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We investigate robust model-free reinforcement learning algorithms designed for environments that may be dynamic or even adversarial. Traditional state-based policies often struggle to accommodate the challenges imposed by the presence of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-02 Udaya Ghai , Arushi Gupta , Wenhan Xia , Karan Singh , Elad Hazan

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) enables learning effective policies from fixed datasets without any environment interaction. Existing methods typically employ policy constraints to mitigate the distribution shift encountered during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-30 Tan Jing , Xiaorui Li , Chao Yao , Xiaojuan Ban , Yuetong Fang , Renjing Xu , Zhaolin Yuan

In safe offline reinforcement learning (RL), the objective is to develop a policy that maximizes cumulative rewards while strictly adhering to safety constraints, utilizing only offline data. Traditional methods often face difficulties in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Prajwal Koirala , Zhanhong Jiang , Soumik Sarkar , Cody Fleming

This paper presents a safe feedback control framework for nonlinear control-affine systems with parametric uncertainty by leveraging adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) with barrier-state augmentation. The developed ADP-based controller…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-01-05 Trivikram Satharasi , Tochukwu E. Ogri , Muzaffar Qureshi , Kyle Volle , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has achieved remarkable success in sequential decision tasks. However, recent studies have revealed the vulnerability of RL policies to different perturbations, raising concerns about their effectiveness and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Buqing Nie , Yangqing Fu , Jingtian Ji , Yue Gao

In this paper, we investigate the optimal output tracking problem for linear discrete-time systems with unknown dynamics using reinforcement learning and robust output regulation theory. This output tracking problem only allows to utilize…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2021-01-22 Ci Chen , Lihua Xie , Yi Jiang , Kan Xie , Shengli Xie

This work presents a technique for learning systems, where the learning process is guided by knowledge of the physics of the system. In particular, we solve the problem of the two-point boundary optimal control problem of linear…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-05-03 Vasanth Reddy , Hoda Eldardiry , Almuatazbellah Boker

This paper studies the robust optimal control design for uncertain nonlinear systems from a perspective of robust adaptive dynamic programming (robust-ADP). The objective is to fill up a gap in the past literature of ADP where dynamic…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2013-03-12 Yu Jiang , Zhong-Ping Jiang

We study the problem of off-policy value evaluation in reinforcement learning (RL), where one aims to estimate the value of a new policy based on data collected by a different policy. This problem is often a critical step when applying RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-27 Nan Jiang , Lihong Li

In this paper, an off-policy reinforcement learning algorithm is designed to solve the continuous-time LQR problem using only input-state data measured from the system. Different from other algorithms in the literature, we propose the use…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-04-03 Victor G. Lopez , Matthias A. Müller

Reinforcement learning is commonly associated with training of reward-maximizing (or cost-minimizing) agents, in other words, controllers. It can be applied in model-free or model-based fashion, using a priori or online collected system…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-09-01 Lukas Beckenbach , Pavel Osinenko , Stefan Streif

Model-free deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms have been demonstrated on a range of challenging decision making and control tasks. However, these methods typically suffer from two major challenges: very high sample complexity and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-08-10 Tuomas Haarnoja , Aurick Zhou , Pieter Abbeel , Sergey Levine

The off-policy learning paradigm allows for recommender systems and general ranking applications to be framed as decision-making problems, where we aim to learn decision policies that optimize an unbiased offline estimate of an online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Shashank Gupta , Olivier Jeunen , Harrie Oosterhuis , Maarten de Rijke

Reinforcement learning has been established over the past decade as an effective tool to find optimal control policies for dynamical systems, with recent focus on approaches that guarantee safety during the learning and/or execution phases.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-06 S M Nahid Mahmud , Scott A Nivison , Zachary I. Bell , Rushikesh Kamalapurkar

The stable combination of optimal feedback policies with online learning is studied in a new control-theoretic framework for uncertain nonlinear systems. The framework can be systematically used in transfer learning and sim-to-real…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-04-13 Brett T. Lopez , Jean-Jacques E. Slotine

In this paper time-driven learning refers to the machine learning method that updates parameters in a prediction model continuously as new data arrives. Among existing approximate dynamic programming (ADP) and reinforcement learning (RL)…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-06-17 Qingtao Zhao , Jennie Si , Jian Sun

This paper addresses the inverse optimal control problem of finding the state weighting function that leads to a quadratic value function when the cost on the input is fixed to be quadratic. The paper focuses on a class of infinite horizon…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-11-21 Luis Rodrigues

This paper proposes a general incremental policy iteration adaptive dynamic programming (ADP) algorithm for model-free robust optimal control of unknown nonlinear systems. The approach integrates recursive least squares estimation with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Qingkai Meng , Fenglan Wang , Lin Zhao

This paper prescribes a suite of techniques for off-policy Reinforcement Learning (RL) that simplify the training process and reduce the sample complexity. First, we show that simple Deterministic Policy Gradient works remarkably well as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-30 Rasool Fakoor , Pratik Chaudhari , Alexander J. Smola

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful data-driven control method that has been largely explored in autonomous driving tasks. However, conventional RL approaches learn control policies through trial-and-error interactions with the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Tianyu Shi , Dong Chen , Kaian Chen , Zhaojian Li