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Multi-task learning (MTL) has led to successes in many applications of machine learning, from natural language processing and speech recognition to computer vision and drug discovery. This article aims to give a general overview of MTL,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-19 Sebastian Ruder

Multi-task learning (MTL) is a powerful machine learning paradigm designed to leverage shared knowledge across tasks to improve generalization and performance. Previous works have proposed approaches to MTL that can be divided into feature…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Paolo Bonetti , Alberto Maria Metelli , Marcello Restelli

Accurate forecasting of multivariate time series data is important in many engineering and scientific applications. Recent state-of-the-art works ignore the inter-relations between variates, using their model on each variate independently.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-18 Liran Nochumsohn , Hedi Zisling , Omri Azencot

Multi-task learning aims to learn multiple tasks jointly by exploiting their relatedness to improve the generalization performance for each task. Traditionally, to perform multi-task learning, one needs to centralize data from all the tasks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-06-21 Sulin Liu , Sinno Jialin Pan , Qirong Ho

Representation multi-task learning (MTL) has achieved tremendous success in practice. However, the theoretical understanding of these methods is still lacking. Most existing theoretical works focus on cases where all tasks share the same…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-07-08 Ye Tian , Yuqi Gu , Yang Feng

Multi-task learning (MTL) is critical in real-world applications such as autonomous driving and robotics, enabling simultaneous handling of diverse tasks. However, obtaining fully annotated data for all tasks is impractical due to labeling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Youngmin Oh , Hyung-Il Kim , Jung Uk Kim

Multi-task learning, as it is understood nowadays, consists of using one single model to carry out several similar tasks. From classifying hand-written characters of different alphabets to figuring out how to play several Atari games using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-25 Unai Garciarena , Alexander Mendiburu , Roberto Santana

Multi-task learning can leverage information learned by one task to benefit the training of other tasks. Despite this capacity, naively training all tasks together in one model often degrades performance, and exhaustively searching through…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Christopher Fifty , Ehsan Amid , Zhe Zhao , Tianhe Yu , Rohan Anil , Chelsea Finn

We explore the benefits that multitask learning offer to speech processing as we train models on dual objectives with automatic speech recognition and intent classification or sentiment classification. Our models, although being of modest…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-28 Quentin Meeus , Marie-Francine Moens , Hugo Van hamme

Multi-task learning (MTL) models have demonstrated impressive results in computer vision, natural language processing, and recommender systems. Even though many approaches have been proposed, how well these approaches balance different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-06 Enneng Yang , Junwei Pan , Ximei Wang , Haibin Yu , Li Shen , Xihua Chen , Lei Xiao , Jie Jiang , Guibing Guo

Scarcity of parallel sentence pairs is a major challenge for training high quality neural machine translation (NMT) models in bilingually low-resource scenarios, as NMT is data-hungry. Multi-task learning is an elegant approach to inject…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-01-13 Poorya Zaremoodi , Gholamreza Haffari

Key to multitask learning is exploiting relationships between different tasks to improve prediction performance. If the relations are linear, regularization approaches can be used successfully. However, in practice assuming the tasks to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-11 Carlo Ciliberto , Alessandro Rudi , Lorenzo Rosasco , Massimiliano Pontil

Multi-task learning (MTL) has shown considerable practical benefits, particularly when using language models (LMs). While this is commonly achieved by learning $n$ tasks under a joint optimization procedure, some methods, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-20 Markus Frohmann , Carolin Holtermann , Shahed Masoudian , Anne Lauscher , Navid Rekabsaz

In recent years, Multi-Task Learning (MTL) has attracted much attention due to its good performance in many applications. However, many existing MTL models cannot guarantee that their performance is no worse than their single-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Zhixiong Yue , Feiyang Ye , Yu Zhang , Christy Liang , Ivor W. Tsang

Training a single model on multiple input domains and/or output tasks allows for compressing information from multiple sources into a unified backbone hence improves model efficiency. It also enables potential positive knowledge transfer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-16 Amelie Royer , Tijmen Blankevoort , Babak Ehteshami Bejnordi

Multi-task learning (MTL) is useful for domains in which data originates from multiple sources that are individually under-sampled. MTL methods are able to learn classification models that have higher performance as compared to learning a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2016-08-02 Bilal Ahmed , Thomas Thesen , Karen E. Blackmon , Ruben Kuzniecky , Orrin Devinsky , Jennifer G. Dy , Carla E. Brodley

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) is a powerful approach to complex decision making. However, one issue that limits its practical application is its brittleness, sometimes failing to train in the presence of small changes in the environment.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-27 Jung-Hoon Cho , Vindula Jayawardana , Sirui Li , Cathy Wu

Leveraging task-aware annotated data as supervised signals to assist with self-supervised learning on large-scale unlabeled data has become a new trend in pre-training language models. Existing studies show that multi-task learning with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Zhuosheng Zhang , Shuohang Wang , Yichong Xu , Yuwei Fang , Wenhao Yu , Yang Liu , Hai Zhao , Chenguang Zhu , Michael Zeng

Multi-task learning (MTL) trains deep neural networks to optimize several objectives simultaneously using a shared backbone, which leads to reduced computational costs, improved data efficiency, and enhanced performance through cross-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Hoang Phan , Lam Tran , Quyen Tran , Ngoc N. Tran , Tuan Truong , Qi Lei , Nhat Ho , Dinh Phung , Trung Le

Multitask learning (MTL) aims to develop a unified model that can handle a set of closely related tasks simultaneously. By optimizing the model across multiple tasks, MTL generally surpasses its non-MTL counterparts in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Chin-Chia Michael Yeh , Xin Dai , Yan Zheng , Junpeng Wang , Huiyuan Chen , Yujie Fan , Audrey Der , Zhongfang Zhuang , Liang Wang , Wei Zhang