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Relational Quantum Mechanics (RQM) treats quantum states as observer-dependent facts rather than absolute properties. While this relational stance is conceptually attractive, it raises concerns about empirical confirmation, particularly in…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Bethany Terris

Quantum--mechanical operators corresponding to canonical momentum and position of a point--like particle, which follow from the quantum field theory in the general Riemannian space-time, satisfy generally to a deformation of the canonical…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2007-05-23 E. A. Tagirov

Standard quantum mechanics undeniably violates the notion of separability that classical physics accustomed us to consider as valid. By relating the phenomenon of quantum nonseparability to the all-important concept of potentiality, we…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-11-25 Vassilios Karakostas

In quantum mechanics, not everything that can be observed can be observed simultaneously. Observational data exhibits \emph{contextuality} -- a generalisation of nonlocality -- if the result of an observation is necessarily dependent on…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-13 Ask Ellingsen

One of the key ways in which quantum mechanics differs from relativity is that it requires a fixed background reference frame for spacetime. In fact, this appears to be one of the main conceptual obstacles to uniting the two theories.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-30 Lachlan Parker , Fabio Costa

This article suggests that thinking about the role of reference frames can provide new insight into Extended Wigner's Friend scenarios. This involves appealing to symmetries to make a principled distinction between properties of a system…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-09 Emily Adlam

A general formulation of classical relativistic particle mechanics is presented, with an emphasis on the fact that superluminal velocities and nonlocal interactions are compatible with relativity. Then a manifestly relativistic-covariant…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2019-11-19 H. Nikolic

From the principle that there is no absolute description of a physical state, we advance the approach according to which one should be able to describe the physics from the perspective of a quantum particle. The kinematics seen from this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-02 R. M. Angelo , A. D. Ribeiro

Quantum theory is a mathematical formalism to compute probabilities for outcomes happenning in physical experiments. These outcomes constitute events happening in space-time. One of these events represents the fact that a system located in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-06-07 Marco Zaopo

We develop a new formalism for constructing probabilities associated to the causal ordering of events in quantum theory, where by an event we mean the emergence of a measurement record on a detector. We start with constructing probabilities…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-01-17 Charis Anastopoulos , Maria_Electra Plakitsi

A probabilistic interpretation of one-particle relativistic quantum mechanics is proposed. Quantum Action Principle formulated earlier is used for to make the dynamics of the Minkowsky time variable of a particle to be classical. After…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-12-09 Natalia Gorobey , Alexander Lukyanenko , Inna Lukyanenko

The formulation of a consistent measurement theory for relativistic quantum fields has become a problem of growing foundational and practical significance. Standard non-relativistic measurement models fail to incorporate the essential…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-17 Nadia Koliopoulou , Charis Anastopoulos , Ntina Savvidou

We give a consistent quantum description of time, based on Page and Wootters' conditional probabilities mechanism, that overcomes the criticisms that were raised against similar previous proposals. In particular we show how the model allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-09-02 Vittorio Giovannetti , Seth Lloyd , Lorenzo Maccone

Quantum Mechanics is revisited as the appropriate theoretical framework for the description of the outcome of experiments that rely on the use of classical devices. In particular, it is emphasized that the limitations on the measurability…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2009-10-31 Giovanni Amelino-Camelia

We explore further the suggestion to describe a pre- and post-selected system by a two-state, which is determined by two conditions. Starting with a formal definition of a two-state Hilbert space and basic operations, we systematically…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-28 B. Reznik , Y. Aharonov

Physics is a model of nature able to both describe and predict the results of measurements made with respect to reference systems. These reference systems, in turn, are themselves physical and thus subject to the laws of physics. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-09-05 Henrique A. R. Knopki , Renato M. Angelo

We address the construction and interpretation of diffeomorphism-invariant observables in a low-energy effective theory of quantum gravity. The observables we consider are constructed as integrals over the space of coordinates, in analogy…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-09-29 Steven B. Giddings , Donald Marolf , James B. Hartle

Wigner-friend scenarios -- in which external agents describe a closed laboratory containing a friend making a measurement -- highlight the difficulties inherent to quantum theory when accounting for measurements. In non-relativistic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-09-13 J. Allam , A. Matzkin

There is a multitude of interpretations of quantum mechanics, but foundational principles are lacking. Relational quantum mechanics views the observer as a physical system, which allows for an unambiguous interpretation as all axioms are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-16 Dorian Daimer , Susanne Still

In a background independent theory without boundary, physical observables may be defined with respect to dynamical reference systems. However, I argue here that there may be a symmetry that exchanges the degrees of freedom of the physical…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-14 Lee Smolin