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The detection of out-of-distribution data points is a common task in particle physics. It is used for monitoring complex particle detectors or for identifying rare and unexpected events that may be indicative of new phenomena or physics…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2024-02-07 Vasilis Belis , Patrick Odagiu , Thea Klæboe Årrestad

The lack of evidence for new interactions and particles at the Large Hadron Collider has motivated the high-energy physics community to explore model-agnostic data-analysis approaches to search for new physics. Autoencoders are unsupervised…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-05-20 Vishal S. Ngairangbam , Michael Spannowsky , Michihisa Takeuchi

There is a growing need for machine learning-based anomaly detection strategies to broaden the search for Beyond-the-Standard-Model (BSM) physics at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and elsewhere. The first step of any anomaly detection…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-01-18 Gregor Kasieczka , Radha Mastandrea , Vinicius Mikuni , Benjamin Nachman , Mariel Pettee , David Shih

Machine learning techniques in particle physics are most powerful when they are trained directly on data, to avoid sensitivity to theoretical uncertainties or an underlying bias on the expected signal. To be able to train on data in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-10-21 Andrew Blance , Michael Spannowsky , Philip Waite

In this paper, we show how to adapt and deploy anomaly detection algorithms based on deep autoencoders, for the unsupervised detection of new physics signatures in the extremely challenging environment of a real-time event selection system…

Much hope for finding new physics phenomena at microscopic scale relies on the observations obtained from High Energy Physics experiments, like the ones performed at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, current experiments do not…

Anomaly detection methods used in a recent search for new phenomena by CMS at the CERN LHC are presented. The methods use machine learning to detect anomalous jets produced in the decay of new massive particles. The effectiveness of these…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-12-24 CMS Collaboration

We investigate how to improve new physics detection strategies exploiting variational autoencoders and normalizing flows for anomaly detection at the Large Hadron Collider. As a working example, we consider the DarkMachines challenge…

Anomaly detection algorithms have been proved to be useful in the search of new physics beyond the Standard Model. However, a prerequisite for using an anomaly detection algorithm is that the signal to be sought is indeed anomalous. This…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-10-23 Ji-Chong Yang , Yu-Chen Guo , Li-Hua Cai

This study explores the potential of unsupervised anomaly detection for identifying physics beyond the Standard Model that may appear at proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider. We introduce a novel quantum autoencoder circuit ansatz…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-12 Callum Duffy , Mohammad Hassanshah , Marcin Jastrzebski , Sarah Malik

Performing anomaly detection in hybrid systems is a challenging task since it requires analysis of timing behavior and mutual dependencies of both discrete and continuous signals. Typically, it requires modeling system behavior, which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-30 Nemanja Hranisavljevic , Oliver Niggemann , Alexander Maier

We propose a new method to define anomaly scores and apply this to particle physics collider events. Anomalies can be either rare, meaning that these events are a minority in the normal dataset, or different, meaning they have values that…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-03-09 Sascha Caron , Luc Hendriks , Rob Verheyen

In this paper, we estimate the number of event topologies that have the potential to be produced in $pp$ collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) without violating kinematic and other constraints. We use numerical calculations and…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-06 S. V. Chekanov

Anomaly detection - identifying deviations from Standard Model predictions - is a key challenge at the Large Hadron Collider due to the size and complexity of its datasets. This is typically addressed by transforming high-dimensional…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-12-03 Kyle Metzger , Lana Xu , Mia Sodini , Thea K. Arrestad , Katya Govorkova , Gaia Grosso , Philip Harris

To maximize the discovery potential of high-energy colliders, experimental searches should be sensitive to unforeseen new physics scenarios. This goal has motivated the use of machine learning for unsupervised anomaly detection. In this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-08-30 Eric M. Metodiev , Jesse Thaler , Raymond Wynne

We present a machine learning-based anomaly detection strategy designed to identify anomalous physics in events containing resonant Standard Model physics and demonstrate this method on the final state of a Higgs boson decaying to two…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2025-08-20 Chi Lung Cheng , Sarah Demers , Sascha Diefenbacher , Runze Li , Benjamin Nachman , Dennis Noll

We present an application of unsupervised learning for zero-bias detection of rare particle decays and exotic hadrons in low-background environments such as those characteristic of diffractive events and ultraperipheral pp, p--A, or A--A…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-11-05 Simone Ragoni , Janet Seger , Christopher Anson

The observation of resonances is unequivocal evidence of new physics beyond the Standard Model at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). So far, inclusive and model dependent searches have not provided evidence of new resonances, indicating that…

High Energy Physics - Experiment · Physics 2021-11-29 Salah-eddine Dahbi , Joshua Choma , Bruce Mellado , Gaogalalwe Mokgatitswane , Xifeng Ruan , Benjamin Lieberman , Turgay Celik

The development of analysis methods to distinguish potential beyond the Standard Model phenomena in a model-agnostic way can significantly enhance the discovery reach in collider experiments. However, the typical machine learning (ML)…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-07-11 Gabriel Matos , Elena Busch , Ki Ryeong Park , Julia Gonski

There is an increased interest in model agnostic search strategies for physics beyond the standard model at the Large Hadron Collider. We introduce a Deep Set Variational Autoencoder and present results on the Dark Machines Anomaly Score…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-02-02 Bryan Ostdiek