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In this paper we provide a rigorous convergence analysis of a "off"-policy temporal difference learning algorithm with linear function approximation and per time-step linear computational complexity in "online" learning environment. The…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-05-20 Prasenjit Karmakar , Rajkumar Maity , Shalabh Bhatnagar

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) aims to learn the optimal policy from a fixed dataset generated by behavior policies without additional environment interactions. One common challenge that arises in this setting is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-06 Songyuan Zhang , Oswin So , H. M. Sabbir Ahmad , Eric Yang Yu , Matthew Cleaveland , Mitchell Black , Chuchu Fan

In this paper we consider the dictionary learning problem for sparse representation. We first show that this problem is NP-hard by polynomial time reduction of the densest cut problem. Then, using successive convex approximation strategies,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-11-06 Meisam Razaviyayn , Hung-Wei Tseng , Zhi-Quan Luo

Probabilistic learning to rank (LTR) has been the dominating approach for optimizing the ranking metric, but cannot maximize long-term rewards. Reinforcement learning models have been proposed to maximize user long-term rewards by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Teng Xiao , Suhang Wang

In temporal difference (TD) learning, off-policy sampling is known to be more practical than on-policy sampling, and by decoupling learning from data collection, it enables data reuse. It is known that policy evaluation (including…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-25 Zaiwei Chen , Siva Theja Maguluri , Sanjay Shakkottai , Karthikeyan Shanmugam

Reinforcement learning algorithms are fundamental to align large language models with human preferences and to enhance their reasoning capabilities. However, current reinforcement learning algorithms often suffer from training instability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Yaru Hao , Li Dong , Xun Wu , Shaohan Huang , Zewen Chi , Furu Wei

In this paper, we propose a novel sparse learning based feature selection method that directly optimizes a large margin linear classification model sparsity with l_(2,p)-norm (0 < p < 1)subject to data-fitting constraints, rather than using…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-04-03 Hanyang Peng , Yong Fan

Large scale reinforcement learning has become a central tool for improving reasoning in large language models. At this scale, generation is often lagged or asynchronous, so updates are performed on data collected by older policies. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Otmane Sakhi , Aleksei Arzhantsev , Imad Aouali , Flavian Vasile

Short-and-sparse deconvolution (SaSD) aims to recover a short kernel and a long and sparse signal from their convolution. In the literature, formulations of blind deconvolution is either a convex programming via a matrix lifting of…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-11-23 Cheng Cheng , Wei Dai

We propose a successive convex approximation based off-policy optimization (SCAOPO) algorithm to solve the general constrained reinforcement learning problem, which is formulated as a constrained Markov decision process (CMDP) in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Chang Tian , An Liu , Guang Huang , Wu Luo

Offline Reinforcement Learning (RL) methods leverage previous experiences to learn better policies than the behavior policy used for data collection. However, they face challenges handling distribution shifts due to the lack of online…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Suzan Ece Ada , Erhan Oztop , Emre Ugur

Within the tensor singular value decomposition (T-SVD) framework, existing robust low-rank tensor completion approaches have made great achievements in various areas of science and engineering. Nevertheless, these methods involve the T-SVD…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-22 Wenjin Qin , Hailin Wang , Feng Zhang , Weijun Ma , Jianjun Wang , Tingwen Huang

Off-policy deep reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are incapable of learning solely from batch offline data without online interactions with the environment, due to the phenomenon known as \textit{extrapolation error}. This is often due…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Riashat Islam , Komal K. Teru , Deepak Sharma , Joelle Pineau

We consider the problem of offline reinforcement learning (RL) -- a well-motivated setting of RL that aims at policy optimization using only historical data. Despite its wide applicability, theoretical understandings of offline RL, such as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-04 Ming Yin , Yu Bai , Yu-Xiang Wang

Reinforcement learning (RL) approaches for Large Language Models (LLMs) frequently use on-policy algorithms, such as PPO or GRPO. However, policy lag from distributed training architectures and differences between the training and inference…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Daniel Ritter , Owen Oertell , Bradley Guo , Jonathan Chang , Kianté Brantley , Wen Sun

We introduce a new convex optimization problem, termed quadratic decomposable submodular function minimization. The problem is closely related to decomposable submodular function minimization and arises in many learning on graphs and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-12 Pan Li , Niao He , Olgica Milenkovic

Dictionary learning aims to find a dictionary that can sparsely represent the training data. Methods in the literature typically formulate the dictionary learning problem as an optimisation with respect to two variables, i.e., dictionary…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-11-21 Cheng Cheng , Wei Dai

On-Policy Self-Distillation (OPSD) has recently emerged as an alternative to Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR), promising higher accuracy and shorter responses through token-level credit assignment from a self-teacher…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-08 Jaehoon Kim , Dongha Lee

On-policy distillation (OPD) is increasingly used in LLM post-training because it can leverage a teacher model to provide dense supervision on student rollouts. The standard implementation, however, usually reduces distribution matching to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yuqian Fu , Haohuan Huang , Kaiwen Jiang , Jiacai Liu , Zhuo Jiang , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao

We consider the offline constrained reinforcement learning (RL) problem, in which the agent aims to compute a policy that maximizes expected return while satisfying given cost constraints, learning only from a pre-collected dataset. This…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Jongmin Lee , Cosmin Paduraru , Daniel J. Mankowitz , Nicolas Heess , Doina Precup , Kee-Eung Kim , Arthur Guez