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Database Management Systems and K/V-Stores operate on updatable datasets -- massively exceeding the size of available main memory. Tree-based K/V storage management structures became particularly popular in storage engines. B+ Trees allow…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Christian Riegger , Ilia Petrov

Long short-term memory (LSTM) is a robust recurrent neural network architecture for learning spatiotemporal sequential data. However, it requires significant computational power for learning and implementing from both software and hardware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Nelly Elsayed , Zag ElSayed , Anthony S. Maida

Indexes facilitate efficient querying when the selection predicate is on an indexed key. As a result, when loading data, if we anticipate future selective (point or range) queries, we typically maintain an index that is gradually populated…

Databases · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Aneesh Raman , Subhadeep Sarkar , Matthaios Olma , Manos Athanassoulis

Key\-value separation is used in LSM\-tree to stored large value in separate log files to reduce write amplification, but requires garbage collection to garbage collect invalid values. Existing garbage collection techniques in LSM\-tree…

Databases · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Zhutao Zhuang , Xinqi Zeng , Zhiguang Chen

In this paper, a new and novel data structure is proposed to dynamically insert and delete segments. Unlike the standard segment trees[3], the proposed data structure permits insertion of a segment with interval range beyond the interval…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2015-01-15 K. S. Easwarakumar , T. Hema

Motivated by emerging applications to the edge computing paradigm, we introduce a two-layer erasure-coded fault-tolerant distributed storage system offering atomic access for read and write operations. In edge computing, clients interact…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2017-06-01 Kishori M. Konwar , N. Prakash , Nancy Lynch , Muriel Medard

In the last decade, key-value data storage systems have gained significantly more interest from academia and industry. These systems face numerous challenges concerning storage space- and read optimization. There exists a large potential…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Martin Weise

Recent advancements in large language models have significantly improved their context windows, yet challenges in effective long-term memory management remain. We introduce MemTree, an algorithm that leverages a dynamic, tree-structured…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Alireza Rezazadeh , Zichao Li , Wei Wei , Yujia Bao

Although LLM agents can leverage tools for complex tasks, they still need memory to maintain cross-turn consistency and accumulate reusable information in long-horizon interactions. However, retrieval-based external memory systems incur low…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Jiaquan Zhang , Chaoning Zhang , Shuxu Chen , Zhenzhen Huang , Pengcheng Zheng , Zhicheng Wang , Ping Guo , Fan Mo , Sung-Ho Bae , Jie Zou , Jiwei Wei , Yang Yang

Log-Structured Merge-trees (LSM-trees) have been widely used in modern NoSQL systems. Due to their out-of-place update design, LSM-trees have introduced memory walls among the memory components of multiple LSM-trees and between the write…

Databases · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Chen Luo , Michael J. Carey

Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) is a special class of recurrent neural network, which has shown remarkable successes in processing sequential data. The typical architecture of an LSTM involves a set of states and gates: the states retain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-03 Arash Ardakani , Zhengyun Ji , Warren J. Gross

Priority queues are data structures which store keys in an ordered fashion to allow efficient access to the minimal (maximal) key. Priority queues are essential for many applications, e.g., Dijkstra's single-source shortest path algorithm,…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-03-20 Martin Wimmer , Jakob Gruber , Jesper Larsson Träff , Philippas Tsigas

LSM-trees are widely adopted as the storage backend of key-value stores. However, optimizing the system performance under dynamic workloads has not been sufficiently studied or evaluated in previous work. To fill the gap, we present RusKey,…

Databases · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Dingheng Mo , Fanchao Chen , Siqiang Luo , Caihua Shan

Data management applications store their data using structured files in which data are usually sorted to serve indexing and queries. However, in-place insertions and removals of data are not naturally supported in a file's address space. To…

Operating Systems · Computer Science 2021-08-06 Chen Chen , Wenshao Zhong , Xingbo Wu

LSM-tree based key-value (KV) stores organize data in a multi-level structure for high-speed writes. Range queries on traditional LSM-trees must seek and sort-merge data from multiple table files on the fly, which is expensive and often…

Databases · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Wenshao Zhong , Chen Chen , Xingbo Wu , Song Jiang

When complex SQL queries suffer slow executions despite query optimization, DBAs typically invoke automated query rewriting tools to recommend ``lean'' equivalents that are conducive to faster execution. The rewritings are usually achieved…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sriram Dharwada , Himanshu Devrani , Jayant Haritsa , Harish Doraiswamy

Caching has the potential to be of significant benefit for accessing large language models (LLMs) due to their high latencies which typically range from a small number of seconds to well over a minute. Furthermore, many LLMs charge money…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Arun Iyengar , Ashish Kundu , Ramana Kompella , Sai Nandan Mamidi

High throughput serving of large language models (LLMs) requires batching sufficiently many requests at a time. However, existing systems struggle because the key-value cache (KV cache) memory for each request is huge and grows and shrinks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-13 Woosuk Kwon , Zhuohan Li , Siyuan Zhuang , Ying Sheng , Lianmin Zheng , Cody Hao Yu , Joseph E. Gonzalez , Hao Zhang , Ion Stoica

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents, persistent memory at the API layer is essential for enabling context-aware behavior across LLMs and multi-session interactions. Existing approaches force vendor lock-in and rely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Luiz C. Borro , Luiz A. B. Macarini , Gordon Tindall , Michael Montero , Adam B. Struck

The next-generation non-volatile memory (NVM) is striding into computer systems as a new tier as it incorporates both DRAM's byte-addressability and disk's persistency. Researchers and practitioners have considered building persistent…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Chongnan Ye , Chundong Wang