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The study of unsupervised learning can be generally divided into two categories: imitation learning and reinforcement learning. In imitation learning the machine learns by mimicking the behavior of an expert system whereas in reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-07 Xiao Lei Zhang , Anish Agarwal

In Reinforcement Learning (RL), Convolutional Neural Networks(CNNs) have been successfully applied as function approximators in Deep Q-Learning algorithms, which seek to learn action-value functions and policies in various environments.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-08 Arnab Kumar Mondal , Pratheeksha Nair , Kaleem Siddiqi

Many recent theoretical works on \emph{meta-learning} aim to achieve guarantees in leveraging similar representational structures from related tasks towards simplifying a target task. The main aim of theoretical guarantees on the subject is…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-05-21 Dimitri Meunier , Zhu Li , Arthur Gretton , Samory Kpotufe

In recent years, Deep Learning has been successfully applied to multimodal learning problems, with the aim of learning useful joint representations in data fusion applications. When the available modalities consist of time series data such…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-04-12 Xitong Yang , Palghat Ramesh , Radha Chitta , Sriganesh Madhvanath , Edgar A. Bernal , Jiebo Luo

In this paper, we study the dynamics of temporal difference learning with neural network-based value function approximation over a general state space, namely, \emph{Neural TD learning}. We consider two practically used algorithms,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-09 Semih Cayci , Siddhartha Satpathi , Niao He , R. Srikant

We study the problem of temporal-difference-based policy evaluation in reinforcement learning. In particular, we analyse the use of a distributional reinforcement learning algorithm, quantile temporal-difference learning (QTD), for this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Mark Rowland , Yunhao Tang , Clare Lyle , Rémi Munos , Marc G. Bellemare , Will Dabney

Over the past decade, deep learning has proven to be a highly effective tool for learning meaningful features from raw data. However, it remains an open question how deep networks perform hierarchical feature learning across layers. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-17 Peng Wang , Xiao Li , Can Yaras , Zhihui Zhu , Laura Balzano , Wei Hu , Qing Qu

Feature learning is widely regarded as the key mechanism distinguishing neural networks from fixed-kernel methods, yet its impact on the induced function space remains poorly understood. In this work, we precisely characterize how the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-19 João Lobo , Bruno Loureiro , Long Tran-Than , Fanghui Liu

The convergence of many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms with linear function approximation has been investigated extensively but most proofs assume that these methods converge to a unique solution. In this paper, we provide a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Marcus Hutter , Samuel Yang-Zhao , Sultan J. Majeed

The use of target networks has been a popular and key component of recent deep Q-learning algorithms for reinforcement learning, yet little is known from the theory side. In this work, we introduce a new family of target-based temporal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Donghwan Lee , Niao He

The goal of this manuscript is to conduct a controltheoretic analysis of Temporal Difference (TD) learning algorithms. TD-learning serves as a cornerstone in the realm of reinforcement learning, offering a methodology for approximating the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-09-12 Donghwan Lee , Do Wan Kim

We devise a distributional variant of gradient temporal-difference (TD) learning. Distributional reinforcement learning has been demonstrated to outperform the regular one in the recent study \citep{bellemare2017distributional}. In the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-04-04 Chao Qu , Shie Mannor , Huan Xu

Successor Features (SF) combined with Generalized Policy Improvement (GPI) provide a robust framework for transfer learning in Reinforcement Learning (RL) by decoupling environment dynamics from reward functions. However, standard SF…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-02 Ritish Shrirao , Aditya Priyadarshi , Raghuram Bharadwaj Diddigi

In state of the art model-free off-policy deep reinforcement learning, a replay memory is used to store past experience and derive all network updates. Even if both state and action spaces are continuous, the replay memory only holds a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-16 Sabrina Hoppe , Marc Toussaint

Q-learning is a popular Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithm which is widely used in practice with function approximation (Mnih et al., 2015). In contrast, existing theoretical results are pessimistic about Q-learning. For example, (Baird,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-20 Naman Agarwal , Syomantak Chaudhuri , Prateek Jain , Dheeraj Nagaraj , Praneeth Netrapalli

According to a popular viewpoint, neural networks learn from data by first identifying low-dimensional representations, and subsequently fitting the best model in this space. Recent works provide a formalization of this phenomenon when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Andrea Montanari , Zihao Wang

Deep neural networks have shown the ability to extract universal feature representations from data such as images and text that have been useful for a variety of learning tasks. However, the fruits of representation learning have yet to be…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Liam Collins , Hamed Hassani , Aryan Mokhtari , Sanjay Shakkottai

Deep reinforcement learning techniques have demonstrated superior performance in a wide variety of environments. As improvements in training algorithms continue at a brisk pace, theoretical or empirical studies on understanding what these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-16 Raghuram Mandyam Annasamy , Katia Sycara

In this paper, we address two key challenges in deep reinforcement learning setting, sample inefficiency and slow learning, with a dual NN-driven learning approach. In the proposed approach, we use two deep NNs with independent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-10-29 Krishnan Raghavan , Vignesh Narayanan , Jagannathan Sarangapani

Deep reinforcement learning (RL) agents that exist in high-dimensional state spaces, such as those composed of images, have interconnected learning burdens. Agents must learn an action-selection policy that completes their given task, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-10-12 Trevor McInroe , Lukas Schäfer , Stefano V. Albrecht