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We present a comprehensive programme analysing the decomposition of proof systems for non-classical logics into proof systems for other logics, especially classical logic, using an algebra of constraints. That is, one recovers a proof…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Alexander V. Gheorghiu , David J. Pym

Conditional logics play an important role in recent attempts to formulate theories of default reasoning. This paper investigates first-order conditional logic. We show that, as for first-order probabilistic logic, it is important not to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 Nir Friedman , Joseph Y. Halpern , Daphne Koller

We define a probabilistic programming language for Gaussian random variables with a first-class exact conditioning construct. We give operational, denotational and equational semantics for this language, establishing convenient properties…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-01-28 Dario Stein , Sam Staton

The main result presented in this article is that probability can fundamentally be characterized as a subset of conditional expectation induced by a plausible preorder on random quantities. This is justified by the fact that probability is…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-06-14 Ladislav Mečíř

The reasoning with qualitative uncertainty measures involves comparative statements about events in terms of their likeliness without necessarily assigning an exact numerical value to these events. The paper is divided into two parts. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Marta Bilkova , Sabine Frittella , Daniil Kozhemiachenko , Ondrej Majer

We present algebraic semantics for the classical logic of proofs based on Boolean algebras. We also extend the language of the logic of proofs in order to have a Boolean structure on justification terms and equality predicate on terms. In…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-17 Amir Farahmand Parsa , Meghdad Ghari

Tableaux originate as a decision method for a logical language. They can also be extended to obtain a structure that spells out all the information in a set of sentences in terms of truth value assignments to atomic formulas that appear in…

cmp-lg · Computer Science 2008-02-03 Pablo Gervas

A logic is defined that allows to express information about statistical probabilities and about degrees of belief in specific propositions. By interpreting the two types of probabilities in one common probability space, the semantics given…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-28 Manfred Jaeger

For the classical mind, quantum mechanics is boggling enough; nevertheless more bizarre behavior could be imagined, thereby concentrating on propositional structures (empirical logics) that transcend the quantum domain. One can also…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-09 Karl Svozil

To operate intelligently in the world, an agent must reason about its actions. The consequences of an action are a function of both the state of the world and the action itself. Many aspects of the world are inherently stochastic, so a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-05 Peter Haddawy

The paper explores categorical interconnections between lattice-valued Relational systems and algebras of Fitting's lattice-valued modal logic. We define lattice-valued boolean systems, and then we study co-adjointness, adjointness of…

Category Theory · Mathematics 2018-08-21 Kumar Sankar Ray , Litan Kumar Das

Linear representations for a subclass of boolean symmetric functions selected by a parity condition are shown to constitute a generalization of the linear constraints on probabilities introduced by Boole. These linear constraints are…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-12 Silvio Ursic

In this paper we deal with a new approach to probabilistic reasoning in a logical framework. Nearly almost all logics of probability that have been proposed in the literature are based on classical two-valued logic. After making clear the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-02-21 Petr Hajek , Lluis Godo , Francesc Esteva

Contextuality and nonlocality are non-classical properties exhibited by quantum statistics whose implications profoundly impact both foundations and applications of quantum theory. In this paper we provide some insights into logical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-08-11 Leonardo Santos , Barbara Amaral

We present the algebra of assume-guarantee (AG) contracts. We define contracts, provide new as well as known operations, and show how these operations are related. Contracts are functorial: any Boolean algebra has an associated contract…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Inigo Incer , Albert Benveniste , Alberto Sangiovanni-Vincentelli

A formal context consists of objects, properties, and the incidence relation between them. Various notions of concepts defined with respect to formal contexts and their associated algebraic structures have been studied extensively,…

Logic · Mathematics 2025-01-14 Prosenjit Howlader , Churn-Jung Liau

Possibilistic logic has been proposed as a numerical formalism for reasoning with uncertainty. There has been interest in developing qualitative accounts of possibility, as well as an explanation of the relationship between possibility and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-25 Craig Boutilier

This paper puts forth a class of algebraic structures, relativized Boolean algebras (RBAs), that provide semantics for propositional logic in which truth/validity is only defined relative to a local domain. In particular, the join of an…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Evan Piermont

We consider the problem of defining conditional objects (a|b), which would allow one to regard the conditional probability Pr(a|b) as a probability of a well-defined event rather than as a shorthand for Pr(ab)/Pr(b). The next issue is to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Jerzy Tyszkiewicz , Arthur Ramer , Achim Hoffmann

The logic of uncertainty is not the logic of experience and as well as it is not the logic of chance. It is the logic of experience and chance. Experience and chance are two inseparable poles. These are two dual reflections of one essence,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2018-10-03 Oleg Yu Vorobyev