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A high-velocity paradigm shift towards Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) has emerged in recent years. Highly complex Machine Learning (ML) models have flourished in many tasks of intelligence, and the questions have started to shift…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Jacob Dineen , Don Kridel , Daniel Dolk , David Castillo

Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) provides tools to help understanding how the machine learning models work and reach a specific outcome. It helps to increase the interpretability of models and makes the models more trustworthy and…

SHAP is a popular approach to explain black-box models by revealing the importance of individual features. As it ignores feature interactions, SHAP explanations can be confusing up to misleading. NSHAP, on the other hand, reports the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-22 Sascha Xu , Joscha Cüppers , Jilles Vreeken

While SHAP (SHapley Additive exPlanations) and other feature attribution methods are commonly employed to explain model predictions, their application within information retrieval (IR), particularly for complex outputs such as ranked lists,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-01 Maria Heuss , Maarten de Rijke , Avishek Anand

Model agnostic feature attribution algorithms (such as SHAP and LIME) are ubiquitous techniques for explaining the decisions of complex classification models, such as deep neural networks. However, since complex classification models…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Ron Bitton , Alon Malach , Amiel Meiseles , Satoru Momiyama , Toshinori Araki , Jun Furukawa , Yuval Elovici , Asaf Shabtai

When using machine learning techniques in decision-making processes, the interpretability of the models is important. Shapley additive explanation (SHAP) is one of the most promising interpretation methods for machine learning models.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-08 Yasunobu Nohara , Toyoshi Inoguchi , Chinatsu Nojiri , Naoki Nakashima

With the adoption of machine learning into routine clinical practice comes the need for Explainable AI methods tailored to medical applications. Shapley values have sparked wide interest for locally explaining models. Here, we demonstrate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-02 Lucile Ter-Minassian , Sahra Ghalebikesabi , Karla Diaz-Ordaz , Chris Holmes

This paper compares model-agnostic and model-specific approaches to explainable AI (XAI) in deep learning image classification. I examine how LIME and SHAP (model-agnostic methods) differ from Grad-CAM and Guided Backpropagation…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Keerthi Devireddy

Two-part models are important to and used throughout insurance and actuarial science. Since insurance is required for registering a car, obtaining a mortgage, and participating in certain businesses, it is especially important that the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-06-17 Spencer Matthews , Brian Hartman

Missing data is a prevalent issue that can significantly impair model performance and explainability. This paper briefly summarizes the development of the field of missing data with respect to Explainable Artificial Intelligence and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-23 Tuan L. Vo , Thu Nguyen , Luis M. Lopez-Ramos , Hugo L. Hammer , Michael A. Riegler , Pal Halvorsen

SHAP explanations are a popular feature-attribution mechanism for explainable AI. They use game-theoretic notions to measure the influence of individual features on the prediction of a machine learning model. Despite a lot of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Guy Van den Broeck , Anton Lykov , Maximilian Schleich , Dan Suciu

Explainable AI (XAI) methods identify which features are relevant to a model's predictions but often fail to clarify why certain decisions are made. In this work, we present a novel method that integrates causality with argument-based…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Henry Salgado , Meagan R. Kendall , Martine Ceberio

Besides accuracy, recent studies on machine learning models have been addressing the question on how the obtained results can be interpreted. Indeed, while complex machine learning models are able to provide very good results in terms of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Guilherme Dean Pelegrina , Leonardo Tomazeli Duarte , Michel Grabisch

Recent studies have examined the computational complexity of computing Shapley additive explanations (also known as SHAP) across various models and distributions, revealing their tractability or intractability in different settings.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-19 Reda Marzouk , Shahaf Bassan , Guy Katz , Colin de la Higuera

Local feature-based explanations are a key component of the XAI toolkit. These explanations compute feature importance values relative to an ``interpretable'' feature representation. In tabular data, feature values themselves are often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Hyunseung Hwang , Andrew Bell , Joao Fonseca , Venetia Pliatsika , Julia Stoyanovich , Steven Euijong Whang

Predictive process analytics focuses on predicting the future states of running instances of a business process. While advanced machine learning techniques have been used to increase accuracy of predictions, the resulting predictive models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-12-09 Mythreyi Velmurugan , Chun Ouyang , Catarina Moreira , Renuka Sindhgatta

Hyperparameters tuning is a fundamental, yet computationally expensive, step in optimizing machine learning models. Beyond optimization, understanding the relative importance and interaction of hyperparameters is critical to efficient model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Moncef Garouani , Ayah Barhrhouj

In this growing age of data and technology, large black-box models are becoming the norm due to their ability to handle vast amounts of data and learn incredibly complex input-output relationships. The deficiency of these methods, however,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Justin Lin , Julia Fukuyama

With wide application of Artificial Intelligence (AI), it has become particularly important to make decisions of AI systems explainable and transparent. In this paper, we proposed a new Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) method…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Chi Zhao , Jing Liu , Elena Parilina

Multi-label classification is a type of classification task, it is used when there are two or more classes, and the data point we want to predict may belong to none of the classes or all of them at the same time. In the real world, many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-26 Shikun Chen