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The recent years have witnessed a carnival of discoveries in the Outer Solar System. Here we provide evidence from numerical simulations of orbital stability to suggest the possible existence of two long lived belts of primordial…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Wyn Evans , Serge Tabachnik

Over the course of the last decade, observations of highly-inclined (orbital inclination i > 60{\deg}) Trans-Neptunian Objects (TNOs) have posed an important challenge to current models of solar system formation (Levison et al. 2008;…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-09-23 Tobias Köhne , Konstantin Batygin

The recently discovered first high velocity hyperbolic objects passing through the Solar System, 1I/'Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov, have raised the question about near term missions to Interstellar Objects. In situ spacecraft exploration of these…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-05 Andreas M. Heina , T. Marshall Eubanks , Manasvi Lingam , Adam Hibberd , Dan Fries , Jean Schneider , Pierre Kervella , Robert Kennedy , Nikolaos Perakis , Bernd Dachwald

1I/`Oumuamua and 2I/Borisov are the first macroscopic interstellar objects to be detected in the solar system. Their discovery has triggered a tsunami of scientific interest regarding the physical properties, dynamics and origin of the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-10 David Jewitt

Here, we show that the detection of Borisov implies that interstellar objects outnumber Solar system objects in the Oort cloud, whereas the reverse is true near the Sun due to the stronger gravitational focusing of bound objects. This…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-01 Amir Siraj , Abraham Loeb

Less than one percent of the discovered small solar system objects have highly inclined orbits ($i>60^{\circ}$), and revolve around the Sun on near-polar or retrograde orbits. The origin and evolutionary history of these objects are not yet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-10 T. Hromakina , I. Belskaya , Yu. Krugly , V. Rumyantsev , O. Golubov , I. Kyrylenko , O. Ivanova , S. Velichko , I. Izvekova , A. Sergeyev , I. Slyusarev , I. Molotov

We review the current state of knowledge of the long-term evolution of the small bodies that give rise to comets and exocomets, as well as their reservoirs. The active cometary phase is only transitory, and bodies that become comets pass…

We simulate the passage through the Sun-Jupiter system of interstellar objects (ISOs) similar to 1I/`Oumuamua or 2I/Borisov. Capture of such objects is rare and overwhelmingly from low incoming speeds onto orbits akin to those of known…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-01-08 Tom Hands , Walter Dehnen

Centaurs are objects whose orbits are found between those of the giant planets. They are supposed to originate mainly from the TransNeptunian objects, and they are among the sources of NearEarth Objects.TransNeptunian Objects (TNOs) cross…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-11-18 Mattia Alvise Galiazzo , Paul Wiegert , Safwan Aljbaae

Aims. 2015 BZ509 is the first asteroid confirmed to be in retrograde co-orbit resonance (or 1/-1 resonance) with the giant planets in the solar system. While Saturn is the only giant planet whose Trojans are not discovered until now, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-03 Miao Li , Yukun Huang , Shengping Gong

The modestly eccentric and non-coplanar orbits of the giant planets pose a challenge to solar system formation theories which generally indicate that the giant planets emerged from the protoplanetary disk in nearly perfectly circular and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-06 Garett Brown , Renu Malhotra , Hanno Rein

We have proposed an alternative model for the formation of our solar system that does not predict any mean-motion resonant interactions, planetary migrations, or self-gravitating instabilities in the very early isothermal solar nebula and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-05 Dimitris M. Christodoulou , Demosthenes Kazanas

The search for extrasolar planets in the past decades has shown that planets abound in the Solar neighborhood. While we are still missing an Earth twin, the forthcoming space missions and ground-based instrumentation are already driven to…

We modeled the trajectories of material ejected from 20 nearby debris disk stars, including Epsilon Eridani (Ran), Vega, Fomalhaut, and Beta Pictoris, within a simulated Milky Way potential in order to quantify their contribution to the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-24 Cole R. Gregg , Paul A. Wiegert

(Abridged) Numerical simulations of the past evolution of high-inclination Centaurs showed they originated from orbits beyond Neptune that were perpendicular to the Solar System's invariable plane in a region called the polar corridor.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-11-26 Fathi Namouni

The Solar System hosts the most studied and best understood major and minor planetary bodies - and the only extraterrestrial bodies to have been visited by spacecraft. The Solar System therefore provides important constraints on both the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-04 Anders Johansen , Michele T. Bannister , Luke Dones , Seth Jacobson , Kelsi Singer , Kathryn Volk , Maria Womack

The Centaurs are recent escapees from the Kuiper belt that are destined either to meet fiery oblivion in the hot inner regions of the Solar system or to be ejected to the interstellar medium by gravitational scattering from the giant…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Jewitt

The first confirmed interstellar interloper in our Solar System, 1I/`Oumuamua, is likely to be a minor body ejected from another star, but its brief flyby and faintness made it difficult to study. Two remarkable properties are its large (up…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-02 Eric Gaidos

Asteroid (514107) 2015 BZ509 was discovered recently in Jupiter's co-orbital region with a retrograde motion around the Sun. The known chaotic dynamics of the outer Solar System have so far precluded the identification of its origin. Here,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-05-24 Fathi Namouni , Maria Helena Moreira Morais

Previous studies of cometary impacts in the outer Solar System used the spatial distribution of ecliptic comets (ECs) from dynamical models that assumed ECs began on low-inclination orbits (<5 deg) in the Kuiper belt. In reality, the source…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-07-31 David Nesvorny , Luke Dones , Mario De Pra , Maria Womack , Kevin J. Zahnle