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This work studies microlensing effects in strongly lensed gravitational wave (GW) signals corresponding to global minima images in galaxy-scale lenses. We find that stellar microlenses alone are unable to introduce noticeable wave effects…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-07-23 Ashish Kumar Meena

The Hubble Constant observed at high redshift and low redshift are inconsistent, representing one of the urgent issues to be resolved in the field of cosmology. The discovery of gravitational waves opens a new window for addressing this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-11 Xu Chao

Gravitational waves are expected to be radiated by supermassive black hole binaries formed during galaxy mergers. A stochastic superposition of gravitational waves from all such binary systems will modulate the arrival times of pulses from…

In the presence of a weak gravitational wave (GW) background, astrophysical binary systems act as high-quality resonators, with efficient transfer of energy and momentum between the orbit and a harmonic GW leading to potentially detectable…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-04-23 Joshua W. Foster , Diego Blas , Adrien Bourgoin , Aurelien Hees , Míriam Herrero-Valea , Alexander C. Jenkins , Xiao Xue

Alternative theories of gravity predict up to six distinct polarization modes for gravitational waves. Strong gravitational lensing of gravitational waves allows us to probe the polarization content of these signals by effectively…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-11-03 Ignacio Magaña Hernandez

The electromagnetic signature of a point explosion near a Kerr black hole (BH) is evaluated. The first repetitions produced by gravitational lensing are not periodic in time; periodicity emerges only as the result of multiple circuits of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-04-09 Christopher Thompson

Gravitational waves (GWs) have rapidly become important cosmological probes since their first detection in 2015. As the number of detected events continues to rise, upcoming instruments like the Einstein Telescope (ET) and Cosmic Explorer…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-12-03 Stefano Zazzera , José Fonseca , Tessa Baker , Chris Clarkson

We present a formulation of observed number density fluctuations of gravitational-wave (GW) sources in a three dimensional space. In GW observations, redshift identification for each GW source is a challenging issue, in particular, for high…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-02-03 Toshiya Namikawa

Standard siren cosmology of gravitational wave (GW) merger events relies on the identification of host galaxies and their redshifts. But this can be highly challenging due to numerous candidates of galaxies in the GW localization area. We…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-15 Hai Yu , Pengjie Zhang , Fa-Yin Wang

Gravitational-wave astronomy has the potential to explore one of the deepest and most puzzling aspects of Einstein's theory: the existence of black holes. A plethora of ultracompact, horizonless objects have been proposed to arise in models…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-10-04 Enrico Barausse , Richard Brito , Vitor Cardoso , Irina Dvorkin , Paolo Pani

The measurement of gravitational waves produced by binary black-hole mergers at the Advanced LIGO has encouraged extensive studies on the stochastic gravitational wave background. Recent studies have focused on gravitational wave sources…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-18 Wenfeng Cui , Fei Huang , Jing Shu , Yue Zhao

We use the non-observation of strong lensing of gravitational waves (GWs) in the first three observation runs of LIGO-Virgo detectors to constrain the fraction of dark matter in the form of compact objects in the mass range…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-05-28 A. Barsode , S. J. Kapadia , P. Ajith

A small fraction of the gravitational-wave (GW) signals that will be detected by second and third generation detectors are expected to be strongly lensed by galaxies and clusters, producing multiple observable copies. While optimal Bayesian…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-01-05 Srashti Goyal , Harikrishnan D. , Shasvath J. Kapadia , Parameswaran Ajith

Gravitational wave (GW) experiments are entering their advanced stage which should soon open a new observational window on the Universe. Looking into this future, the Einstein Telescope (ET) was designed to have a fantastic sensitivity…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2014-11-07 Marek Biesiada , Xuheng Ding , Aleksandra Piorkowska , Zong-Hong Zhu

Fast cosmological transients such as fast radio bursts (FRBs) and gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) represent a class of sources more compact than any other cosmological object. As such they are sensitive to significant magnification via…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-11-16 Mawson W. Sammons , Clancy W. James , Cathryn M. Trott , Mark Walker

Lensed gravitational waves will offer new means to probe the distribution of matter in the universe, complementary to electromagnetic signals. Lensed continuous gravitational waves provide new challenges and opportunities beyond those of…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-02-01 Stefano Savastano , Filippo Vernizzi , Miguel Zumalacárregui

The collection of individually resolvable gravitational wave (GW) events makes up a tiny fraction of all GW signals which reach our detectors, while most lie below the confusion limit and go undetected. Like voices in a crowded room, the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-03-02 Arianna I. Renzini , Boris Goncharov , Alexander C. Jenkins , Pat M. Meyers

Gravitational lensing by compact, small-scale intervening masses causes frequency-dependent distortions to gravitational-wave events. The optimal signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is often used as a proxy for the detectability of exotic signals…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-14 Juno C. L. Chan , Eungwang Seo , Alvin K. Y. Li , Heather Fong , Jose M. Ezquiaga

Gravitational waves detected by advanced ground-based detectors have allowed studying the universe in a way which is fully complementary to electromagnetic observations. As more sources are detected, it will be possible to measure…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2018-07-25 Salvatore Vitale , Chris Whittle

Similarly to electromagnetic (EM) signals, gravitational lensing by intervening galaxies can also affect gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we estimate the strong-lensing rate of massive black hole mergers observed with LISA. Given…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-08 Juan Gutiérrez , Macarena Lagos