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Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) solutions are gaining widespread popularity. Among these, many rely on homomorphic encryption (HE) that offers confidentiality of the model and the data, but at the cost of large latency and memory…

Privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) has become increasingly important in applications where sensitive data must remain confidential. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables computation directly on encrypted data, allowing neural network…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

Recently Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is used to implement Privacy-Preserving Neural Networks (PPNNs) that perform inferences directly on encrypted data without decryption. Prior PPNNs adopt mobile network architectures such as SqueezeNet…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-06-02 Qian Lou , Lei Jiang

When applying machine learning to sensitive data, one has to find a balance between accuracy, information security, and computational-complexity. Recent studies combined Homomorphic Encryption with neural networks to make inferences while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alon Brutzkus , Oren Elisha , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Convolutional neural network (CNN) inference using fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is a promising private inference (PI) solution due to the capability of FHE that enables offloading the whole computation process to the server while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-01-02 Donghwan Kim , Jaiyoung Park , Jongmin Kim , Sangpyo Kim , Jung Ho Ahn

The main aim of Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning (PPML) is to protect the privacy and provide security to the data used in building Machine Learning models. There are various techniques in PPML such as Secure Multi-Party Computation,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-01 Syed Imtiaz Ahamed , Vadlamani Ravi

Privacy-preserving deep neural network (DNN) inference is a necessity in different regulated industries such as healthcare, finance and retail. Recently, homomorphic encryption (HE) has been used as a method to enable analytics while…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Moran Baruch , Nir Drucker , Lev Greenberg , Guy Moshkowich

The widespread adoption of Machine Learning as a Service raises critical privacy and security concerns, particularly about data confidentiality and trust in both cloud providers and the machine learning models. Homomorphic Encryption (HE)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Nges Brian Njungle , Eric Jahns , Michel A. Kinsy

Recent work using Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) has made non-interactive privacy-preserving inference of deep Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) possible. However, the performance of these methods remain limited by their heavy…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Chielle , Manaar Alam , Jinting Liu , Jovan Kascelan , Michail Maniatakos

The use of Neural Networks (NNs) for sensitive data processing is becoming increasingly popular, raising concerns about data privacy and security. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) has the potential to be used as a solution to preserve data…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-05-04 Ivone Amorim , Eva Maia , Pedro Barbosa , Isabel Praça

Due to the extensive application of machine learning (ML) in a wide range of fields and the necessity of data privacy, privacy-preserving machine learning (PPML) solutions have recently gained significant traction. One group of approaches…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Parsa Ghazvinian , Robert Podschwadt , Prajwal Panzade , Mohammad H. Rafiei , Daniel Takabi

Machine Learning (ML) has become one of the most impactful fields of data science in recent years. However, a significant concern with ML is its privacy risks due to rising attacks against ML models. Privacy-Preserving Machine Learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Khoa Nguyen , Mindaugas Budzys , Eugene Frimpong , Tanveer Khan , Antonis Michalas

Privacy-Preserving ML (PPML) based on Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a promising foundational privacy technology. Making it more practical requires lowering its computational cost, especially, in handling modern large deep neural networks.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Yeonsoo Jeon , Mattan Erez , Michael Orshansky

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS) has become a growing trend in recent years and several such services are currently offered. MLaaS is essentially a set of services that provides machine learning tools and capabilities as part of cloud…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-27 Daniel Takabi , Robert Podschwadt , Jeff Druce , Curt Wu , Kevin Procopio

Incorporating fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) into the inference process of a convolutional neural network (CNN) draws enormous attention as a viable approach for achieving private inference (PI). FHE allows delegating the entire…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Jaiyoung Park , Donghwan Kim , Jongmin Kim , Sangpyo Kim , Wonkyung Jung , Jung Hee Cheon , Jung Ho Ahn

Machine learning on encrypted data can address the concerns related to privacy and legality of sharing sensitive data with untrustworthy service providers. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a promising technique to enable machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Nayna Jain , Karthik Nandakumar , Nalini Ratha , Sharath Pankanti , Uttam Kumar

Privacy-preserving federated learning (PPFL) aims to train a global model for multiple clients while maintaining their data privacy. However, current PPFL protocols exhibit one or more of the following insufficiencies: considerable…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Wenhan Dong , Chao Lin , Xinlei He , Shengmin Xu , Xinyi Huang

Machine Learning as a Service (MLaaS), such as Microsoft Azure, Amazon AWS, offers an effective DNN model to complete the machine learning task for small businesses and individuals who are restricted to the lacking data and computing power.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-07-24 Qiang Zhu , Xixiang Lv

Machine learning models are often provisioned as a cloud-based service where the clients send their data to the service provider to obtain the result. This setting is commonplace due to the high value of the models, but it requires the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-10-12 Jaewoo Park , Chenghao Quan , Hyungon Moon , Jongeun Lee

Heterogeneous big data poses many challenges in machine learning. Its enormous scale, high dimensionality, and inherent uncertainty make almost every aspect of machine learning difficult, from providing enough processing power to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-20 Leijie Zhang , Ye Shi , Yu-Cheng Chang , Chin-Teng Lin
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