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The evolution of grammatical systems of syntactic and semantic composition is modeled here with a novel application of reinforcement learning theory. To test the functionalist thesis that speakers' expressive purposes shape their language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Stephen Wechsler , James W. Shearer , Katrin Erk

Large language models excel on static benchmarks, but their ability as self-learning agents in dynamic environments remains unclear. We evaluate three prompting strategies: self-reflection, heuristic mutation, and planning across dynamic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Annie Wong , Thomas Bäck , Aske Plaat , Niki van Stein , Anna V. Kononova

Conversational repair is a mechanism used to detect and resolve miscommunication and misinformation problems when two or more agents interact. One particular and underexplored form of repair in emergent communication is the implicit repair…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-25 Fábio Vital , Alberto Sardinha , Francisco S. Melo

Reinforcement learning (RL) has recently achieved tremendous successes in many artificial intelligence applications. Many of the forefront applications of RL involve multiple agents, e.g., playing chess and Go games, autonomous driving, and…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2021-11-24 Asuman Ozdaglar , Muhammed O. Sayin , Kaiqing Zhang

The ability of algorithms to evolve or learn (compositional) communication protocols has traditionally been studied in the language evolution literature through the use of emergent communication tasks. Here we scale up this research by…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-04-12 Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Moritz Hermann , Karl Tuyls , Stephen Clark

Training agents to communicate with one another given task-based supervision only has attracted considerable attention recently, due to the growing interest in developing models for human-agent interaction. Prior work on the topic focused…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-03-26 Ben Bogin , Mor Geva , Jonathan Berant

Although language models demonstrate remarkable proficiency on mathematical benchmarks, it remains unclear whether this reflects true mathematical reasoning or statistical pattern matching over learning formal syntax. Most existing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Michael Cooper , Samuel Cooper

This abstract proposes an approach towards goal-oriented modeling of the detection and modeling complex social phenomena in multiparty discourse in an online political strategy game. We developed a two-tier approach that first encodes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Hansin Ahuja , Lynnette Hui Xian Ng , Kokil Jaidka

The ability to combine linguistic guidance from others with direct experience is central to human development, enabling safe and rapid learning in new environments. How do people integrate these two sources of knowledge, and how might AI…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Cédric Colas , Tracey Mills , Ben Prystawski , Michael Henry Tessler , Noah Goodman , Jacob Andreas , Joshua Tenenbaum

The emergence of large language models has enabled sophisticated multi-agent systems, yet coordinating their reasoning capabilities through prompt engineering remains challenging. We present a theoretically-grounded framework for dynamic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Hassen Dhrif

In forthcoming AI-assisted 6G networks, integrating semantic, pragmatic, and goal-oriented communication strategies becomes imperative. This integration will enable sensing, transmission, and processing of exclusively pertinent task data,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Tomás Hüttebräucker , Mohamed Sana , Emilio Calvanese Strinati

We introduce the framework of LLM-Stackelberg games, a class of sequential decision-making models that integrate large language models (LLMs) into strategic interactions between a leader and a follower. Departing from classical Stackelberg…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Quanyan Zhu

Strategic social deduction games serve as valuable testbeds for evaluating the understanding and inference skills of language models, offering crucial insights into social science, artificial intelligence, and strategic gaming. This paper…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Yizhou Chi , Lingjun Mao , Zineng Tang

Natural languages display a trade-off among different strategies to convey syntactic structure, such as word order or inflection. This trade-off, however, has not appeared in recent simulations of iterated language learning with neural…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-09-13 Yuchen Lian , Arianna Bisazza , Tessa Verhoef

Small language models (SLM) are increasingly used as interactive decision-making agents, yet most decision-oriented evaluations ignore emotion as a causal factor influencing behavior. We study emotion-sensitive decision making by combining…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Jiaju Lin , Xingjian Du , Qingyun Wu , Ellen Wenting Zou , Jindong Wang

Research in multi-agent cooperation has shown that artificial agents are able to learn to play a simple referential game while developing a shared lexicon. This lexicon is not easy to analyze, as it does not show many properties of a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-06 Roberto Dessì , Diane Bouchacourt , Davide Crepaldi , Marco Baroni

Enhancing AI systems with efficient communication skills for effective human assistance necessitates proactive initiatives from the system side to discern specific circumstances and interact aptly. This research focuses on a collective…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-09 Jack Zhang

For communication to happen successfully, a common language is required between agents to understand information communicated by one another. Inducing the emergence of a common language has been a difficult challenge to multi-agent learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-03 Yat Long Lo , Biswa Sengupta

Computational modelling with multi-agent systems is becoming an important technique of studying language evolution. We present a brief introduction into this rapidly developing field, as well as our own contributions that include an…

Physics and Society · Physics 2010-08-24 Adam Lipowski , Dorota Lipowska

Language emergence and evolution has recently gained growing attention through multi-agent models and mathematical frameworks to study their behavior. Here we investigate further the Naming Game, a model able to account for the emergence of…

Physics and Society · Physics 2008-07-21 Andrea Baronchelli , Vittorio Loreto , Luc Steels