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With the rapid growth of user historical behavior data, user interest modeling has become a prominent aspect in Click-Through Rate (CTR) prediction, focusing on learning user intent representations. However, this complexity poses…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Xin Song , Xiaochen Li , Jinxin Hu , Hong Wen , Zulong Chen , Yu Zhang , Xiaoyi Zeng , Jing Zhang

This paper concerns a deep learning approach to relevance ranking in information retrieval (IR). Existing deep IR models such as DSSM and CDSSM directly apply neural networks to generate ranking scores, without explicit understandings of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-07-23 Liang Pang , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Jun Xu , Jingfang Xu , Xueqi Cheng

Recommender systems are tasked to infer users' evolving preferences and rank items aligned with their intents, which calls for in-depth reasoning beyond pattern-based scoring. Recent efforts start to leverage large language models (LLMs)…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Kehan Zheng , Deyao Hong , Qian Li , Jun Zhang , Huan Yu , Jie Jiang , Hongning Wang

While standard IR models are mainly designed to optimize relevance, real-world search often needs to balance additional objectives such as diversity and fairness. These objectives depend on inter-document interactions and are commonly…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Nilanjan Sinhababu , Andrew Parry , Debasis Ganguly , Pabitra Mitra

Ranking systems form the basis for online search engines and recommendation services. They process large collections of items, for instance web pages or e-commerce products, and present the user with a small ordered selection. The goal of a…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Harrie Oosterhuis

While numerous studies have been conducted in the literature exploring different types of machine learning approaches for search ranking, most of them are focused on specific pre-defined problems but only a few of them have studied the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Zhen Liao

For many internet businesses, presenting a given list of items in an order that maximizes a certain metric of interest (e.g., click-through-rate, average engagement time etc.) is crucial. We approach the aforementioned task from a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-02-28 Swayambhoo Jain , Akshay Soni , Nikolay Laptev , Yashar Mehdad

We investigate the Plackett-Luce (PL) model based listwise learning-to-rank (LTR) on data with partitioned preference, where a set of items are sliced into ordered and disjoint partitions, but the ranking of items within a partition is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-03-01 Jiaqi Ma , Xinyang Yi , Weijing Tang , Zhe Zhao , Lichan Hong , Ed H. Chi , Qiaozhu Mei

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly employed in zero-shot documents ranking, yielding commendable results. However, several significant challenges still persist in LLMs for ranking: (1) LLMs are constrained by limited input…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-02-07 Yiqun Chen , Qi Liu , Yi Zhang , Weiwei Sun , Xinyu Ma , Wei Yang , Daiting Shi , Jiaxin Mao , Dawei Yin

Large Language Models (LLMs) have been widely adopted in ranking systems such as information retrieval (IR) systems and recommender systems (RSs). To alleviate the latency of auto-regressive decoding, some studies explore the single (first)…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Yingpeng Du , Tianjun Wei , Zhu Sun , Jie Zhang

Deep pretrained transformer networks are effective at various ranking tasks, such as question answering and ad-hoc document ranking. However, their computational expenses deem them cost-prohibitive in practice. Our proposed approach, called…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-05-27 Sean MacAvaney , Franco Maria Nardini , Raffaele Perego , Nicola Tonellotto , Nazli Goharian , Ophir Frieder

Online learning to rank (OLTR) via implicit feedback has been extensively studied for document retrieval in cases where the feedback is available at the level of individual items. To learn from item-level feedback, the current algorithms…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2019-01-10 Chang Li , Artem Grotov , Ilya Markov , Maarten de Rijke

Answer selection is a task to choose the positive answers from a pool of candidate answers for a given question. In this paper, we propose a novel strategy for answer selection, called hierarchical ranking. We introduce three levels of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Hang Gao , Mengting Hu , Renhong Cheng , Tiegang Gao

Reranking algorithms have made progress in improving document retrieval quality by efficiently aggregating relevance judgments generated by large language models (LLMs). However, identifying relevant documents for queries that require…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Jerry Huang , Siddarth Madala , Cheng Niu , Julia Hockenmaier , Tong Zhang

Listwise reranking with large language models (LLMs) enhances top-ranked results in retrieval-based applications. Due to the limit in context size and high inference cost of long context, reranking is typically performed over a fixed size…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Soyoung Yoon , Gyuwan Kim , Gyu-Hwung Cho , Seung-won Hwang

Improved search quality enhances users' satisfaction, which directly impacts sales growth of an E-Commerce (E-Com) platform. Traditional Learning to Rank (LTR) algorithms require relevance judgments on products. In E-Com, getting such…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-07-10 Muhammad Umer Anwaar , Dmytro Rybalko , Martin Kleinsteuber

The results of information retrieval (IR) are usually presented in the form of a ranked list of candidate documents, such as web search for humans and retrieval-augmented generation for large language models (LLMs). List-aware retrieval…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Shicheng Xu , Liang Pang , Jun Xu , Huawei Shen , Xueqi Cheng

In search settings, calibrating the scores during the ranking process to quantities such as click-through rates or relevance levels enhances a system's usefulness and trustworthiness for downstream users. While previous research has…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-28 Puxuan Yu , Daniel Cohen , Hemank Lamba , Joel Tetreault , Alex Jaimes

Many latent (factorized) models have been proposed for recommendation tasks like collaborative filtering and for ranking tasks like document or image retrieval and annotation. Common to all those methods is that during inference the items…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-10-19 Jason Weston , John Blitzer

Probabilistic learning to rank (LTR) has been the dominating approach for optimizing the ranking metric, but cannot maximize long-term rewards. Reinforcement learning models have been proposed to maximize user long-term rewards by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-18 Teng Xiao , Suhang Wang
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