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In edge computing systems, autonomous agents must make fast local decisions while competing for shared resources. Existing MARL methods often resume to centralized critics or frequent communication, which fail under limited observability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Andrea Fox , Francesco De Pellegrini , Eitan Altman

Designing efficient algorithms for multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) is fundamentally challenging because the size of the joint state and action spaces grows exponentially in the number of agents. These difficulties are exacerbated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Emile Anand , Ishani Karmarkar , Guannan Qu

When should we encourage specialization in multi-agent systems versus train generalists that perform the entire task independently? We propose that specialization largely depends on task parallelizability: the potential for multiple agents…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning methods such as VDN, QMIX, and QTRAN that adopt centralized training with decentralized execution (CTDE) framework have shown promising results in cooperation and competition. However, in some multi-agent…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Jiajun Chai , Weifan Li , Yuanheng Zhu , Dongbin Zhao , Zhe Ma , Kewu Sun , Jishiyu Ding

Multi-agent cooperation is an important feature of the natural world. Many tasks involve individual incentives that are misaligned with the common good, yet a wide range of organisms from bacteria to insects and humans are able to overcome…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-12 Jane X. Wang , Edward Hughes , Chrisantha Fernando , Wojciech M. Czarnecki , Edgar A. Duenez-Guzman , Joel Z. Leibo

Reinforcement Learning (RL) has emerged as a crucial method for training or fine-tuning large language models (LLMs), enabling adaptive, task-specific optimizations through interactive feedback. Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL), in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Junwei Su , Chuan Wu

Unsupervised skill discovery aims to acquire behavior primitives that improve exploration and accelerate downstream task learning. However, existing approaches often ignore the geometric symmetries of physical environments, leading to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Junwoo Chang , Joseph Park , Roberto Horowitz , Jongmin Lee , Jongeun Choi

Multi-agent systems (MAS) extend large language models (LLMs) from independent single-model reasoning to coordinative system-level intelligence. While existing LLM agents depend on text-based mediation for reasoning and communication, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Jiaru Zou , Xiyuan Yang , Ruizhong Qiu , Gaotang Li , Katherine Tieu , Pan Lu , Ke Shen , Hanghang Tong , Yejin Choi , Jingrui He , James Zou , Mengdi Wang , Ling Yang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) methods have achieved state-of-the-art results on a range of multi-agent tasks. Yet, MARL algorithms typically require significantly more environment interactions than their single-agent…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-17 Tom Danino , Nahum Shimkin

Multiagent reinforcement learning algorithms (MARL) have been demonstrated on complex tasks that require the coordination of a team of multiple agents to complete. Existing works have focused on sharing information between agents via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-18 Samir Wadhwania , Dong-Ki Kim , Shayegan Omidshafiei , Jonathan P. How

A key challenge in the study of multiagent cooperation is the need for individual agents not only to cooperate effectively, but to decide with whom to cooperate. This is particularly critical in situations when other agents have hidden,…

In cooperative Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) agents are required to learn behaviours as a team to achieve a common goal. However, while learning a task, some agents may end up learning sub-optimal policies, not contributing to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Rafael Pina , Varuna De Silva , Corentin Artaud

Decentralized combinatorial optimization in evolving multi-agent systems poses significant challenges, requiring agents to balance long-term decision-making, short-term optimized collective outcomes, while preserving autonomy of interactive…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Chuhao Qin , Evangelos Pournaras

Developing effective Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) is critical for many applications requiring collaboration and coordination with humans. Despite the rapid advance of Multi-Agent Deep Reinforcement Learning (MADRL) in cooperative MAS, one…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Thuy Ngoc Nguyen , Duy Nhat Phan , Cleotilde Gonzalez

Cooperative multi-agent reinforcement learning agents that act on partial local observations face a fundamental information bottleneck: the knowledge needed to select jointly optimal actions is scattered across the team, yet each agent must…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Nikunj Gupta , James Zachary Hare , Jesse Milzman , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor Prasanna

Evolutionary science provides evidence that diversity confers resilience in natural systems. Yet, traditional multi-agent reinforcement learning techniques commonly enforce homogeneity to increase training sample efficiency. When a system…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2024-09-11 Matteo Bettini , Ajay Shankar , Amanda Prorok

In this paper, we study the problem of networked multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL), where a number of agents are deployed as a partially connected network and each interacts only with nearby agents. Networked MARL requires all…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yuxuan Yi , Ge Li , Yaowei Wang , Zongqing Lu

We consider model-based reinforcement learning (MBRL) in 2-agent, high-fidelity continuous control problems -- an important domain for robots interacting with other agents in the same workspace. For non-trivial dynamical systems, MBRL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-04 Orr Krupnik , Igor Mordatch , Aviv Tamar

Multi-agent reinforcement learning is a promising research area that extends established reinforcement learning approaches to problems formulated as multi-agent systems. Recently, a multitude of communication methods have been introduced to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Christoph Wittner

Designing a distribution of environments in which RL agents can learn interesting and useful skills is a challenging and poorly understood task, for multi-agent environments the difficulties are only exacerbated. One approach is to train a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-07 Ingmar Kanitscheider , Harri Edwards