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The most existing studies in the facial age estimation assume training and test images are captured under similar shooting conditions. However, this is rarely valid in real-world applications, where training and test sets usually have…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ali Akbari , Muhammad Awais , Zhen-Hua Feng , Ammarah Farooq , Josef Kittler

The increasing amount of applications of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has led researchers to study the social impact of these technologies and evaluate their fairness. Unfortunately, current fairness metrics are hard to apply in multi-class…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-14 Iris Dominguez-Catena , Daniel Paternain , Mikel Galar

Existing public face datasets are strongly biased toward Caucasian faces, and other races (e.g., Latino) are significantly underrepresented. This can lead to inconsistent model accuracy, limit the applicability of face analytic systems to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Kimmo Kärkkäinen , Jungseock Joo

Gender classification systems often inherit and amplify demographic imbalances in their training data. We first audit five widely used gender classification datasets, revealing that all suffer from significant intersectional…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-23 Tadesse K Bahiru , Natnael Tilahun Sinshaw , Teshager Hailemariam Moges , Dheeraj Kumar Singh

Recent developments in machine learning have shown that successful models do not rely only on huge amounts of data but the right kind of data. We show in this paper how this data-centric approach can be facilitated in a decentralized manner…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-31 M. R. Ahan , Robin Lehmann , Richard Blythman

Numerous studies have shown that existing Face Recognition Systems (FRS), including commercial ones, often exhibit biases toward certain ethnicities due to under-represented data. In this work, we explore ethnicity alteration and skin tone…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-05-08 Praveen Kumar Chandaliya , Kiran Raja , Raghavendra Ramachandra , Zahid Akhtar , Christoph Busch

Many existing works have made great strides towards reducing racial bias in face recognition. However, most of these methods attempt to rectify bias that manifests in models during training instead of directly addressing a major source of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-06 Matthew Gwilliam , Srinidhi Hegde , Lade Tinubu , Alex Hanson

Demographic bias is one of the major challenges for face recognition systems. The majority of existing studies on demographic biases are heavily dependent on specific demographic groups or demographic classifier, making it difficult to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Tetsushi Ohki , Yuya Sato , Masakatsu Nishigaki , Koichi Ito

Face aging has received continuous research attention over the past two decades. Although previous works on this topic have achieved impressive success, two longstanding problems remain unsettled: 1) generating diverse and plausible facial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-11 Jiu-Cheng Xie , Jun Yang , Wenqing Wang , Feng Xu , Jiang Xiong , Hao Gao

Recognition of expressions of emotions and affect from facial images is a well-studied research problem in the fields of affective computing and computer vision with a large number of datasets available containing facial images and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-24 Tian Xu , Jennifer White , Sinan Kalkan , Hatice Gunes

Existing facial analysis systems have been shown to yield biased results against certain demographic subgroups. Due to its impact on society, it has become imperative to ensure that these systems do not discriminate based on gender,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Richa Singh , Puspita Majumdar , Surbhi Mittal , Mayank Vatsa

As the deployment of automated face recognition (FR) systems proliferates, bias in these systems is not just an academic question, but a matter of public concern. Media portrayals often center imbalance as the main source of bias, i.e.,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Valeriia Cherepanova , Steven Reich , Samuel Dooley , Hossein Souri , Micah Goldblum , Tom Goldstein

Face recognition systems (FRS) exhibit significant accuracy differences based on the user's gender. Since such a gender gap reduces the trustworthiness of FRS, more recent efforts have tried to find the causes. However, these studies make…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Paul Jonas Kurz , Haiyu Wu , Kevin W. Bowyer , Philipp Terhörst

Synthetic data has emerged as a promising alternative for training face recognition (FR) models, offering advantages in scalability, privacy compliance, and potential for bias mitigation. However, critical questions remain on whether both…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Pavel Korshunov , Ketan Kotwal , Christophe Ecabert , Vidit Vidit , Amir Mohammadi , Sebastien Marcel

Demographic biases in source datasets have been shown as one of the causes of unfairness and discrimination in the predictions of Machine Learning models. One of the most prominent types of demographic bias are statistical imbalances in the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-26 Iris Dominguez-Catena , Daniel Paternain , Mikel Galar

A diverse representation of different demographic groups in AI training data sets is important in ensuring that the models will work for a large range of users. To this end, recent efforts in AI fairness and inclusion have advocated for…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Joon Sung Park , Michael S. Bernstein , Robin N. Brewer , Ece Kamar , Meredith Ringel Morris

Face recognition algorithms, when used in the real world, can be very useful, but they can also be dangerous when biased toward certain demographics. So, it is essential to understand how these algorithms are trained and what factors affect…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Manideep Kolla , Aravinth Savadamuthu

We propose an experimental method for measuring bias in face recognition systems. Existing methods to measure bias depend on benchmark datasets that are collected in the wild and annotated for protected (e.g., race, gender) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-11 Hao Liang , Pietro Perona , Guha Balakrishnan

Face verification is a significant component of identity authentication in various applications including online banking and secure access to personal devices. The majority of the existing face image datasets often suffer from notable…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Georgia Baltsou , Ioannis Sarridis , Christos Koutlis , Symeon Papadopoulos

This paper strives to address image classifier bias, with a focus on both feature and label embedding spaces. Previous works have shown that spurious correlations from protected attributes, such as age, gender, or skin tone, can cause…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-28 William Thong , Cees G. M. Snoek