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Transient execution attacks utilize micro-architectural covert channels to leak secrets that should not have been accessible during logical program execution. Commonly used micro-architectural covert channels are those that leave lasting…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-06-24 Jacob Fustos , Michael Bechtel , Heechul Yun

We consider a scenario in which $K$ transmitters attempt to communicate covert messages reliably to a legitimate receiver over a discrete memoryless MAC while simultaneously escaping detection from an adversary who observes their…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-06-11 Keerthi Suria Kumar Arumugam , Matthieu R. Bloch

The fading cognitive multiple-access channel with confidential messages (CMAC-CM) is investigated, in which two users attempt to transmit common information to a destination and user 1 also has confidential information intended for the…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2009-12-29 Ruoheng Liu , Yingbin Liang , H. Vincent Poor

We analyzed the generation of protocol header fields in the implementations of multiple TCP/IP network stacks and found new ways to leak information about global protocol states. We then demonstrated new covert channels by remotely…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Amit Klein

A novel private communication framework is proposed where privacy is induced by transmitting over a channel instances of linear inverse problems that are identifiable to the legitimate receiver but unidentifiable to an eavesdropper. The gap…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Maxime Ferreira Da Costa , Jianxiu Li , Urbashi Mitra

The Least-Recently Used cache replacement policy and its variants are widely deployed in modern processors. This paper shows for the first time in detail that the LRU states of caches can be used to leak information: any access to a cache…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-01-06 Wenjie Xiong , Jakub Szefer

Due to the vital role of security in online communications and this fact that attackers are developing their tools, modernizing the security tools is an essential. The efficiency of crypto systems has been proven after years, however one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-01 Mahboubeh Nazari , Sousan Tarahomi , Sobhan Aliabady

The deep learning revolution has been enabled in large part by GPUs, and more recently accelerators, which make it possible to carry out computationally demanding training and inference in acceptable times. As the size of machine learning…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-03-31 Sankha Baran Dutta , Hoda Naghibijouybari , Arjun Gupta , Nael Abu-Ghazaleh , Andres Marquez , Kevin Barker

Covert channels are stealthy communication channels that enable manifold adversary and legitimate scenarios, ranging from malware communications to the exchange of confidential information by journalists and censorship circumvention. We…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Steffen Wendzel , Tobias Schmidbauer , Sebastian Zillien , Jörg Keller

Electromagnetic (EM) covert channels pose significant threats to computer and communications security in air-gapped networks. Previous works exploit EM radiation from various components (e.g., video cables, memory buses, CPUs) to secretly…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-27 Xieyang Sun , Yuanqing Zheng , Wei Xi , Zuhao Chen , Zhizhen Chen , Han Hao , Zhiping Jiang , Sheng Zhong

Many organizations protect secure networked devices from non-secure networked devices by assigning each class of devices to a different logical network. These two logical networks, commonly called the host network and the guest network, use…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-08-08 Adar Ovadya , Rom Ogen , Yakov Mallah , Niv Gilboa , Yossi Oren

We note that constituent fields (notably the fraction-of-seconds timestamp field) in the data payload structure of the synchrophasor communication protocol (IEEE C37.118 standard) are overprovisioned relative to real-world usage and needs,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Prashanth Krishnamurthy , Ramesh Karri , Farshad Khorrami

Caches have been used to construct various types of covert and side channels to leak information. Most existing cache channels exploit the timing difference between cache hits and cache misses. However, we introduce a new and broader…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Yujie Cui , Chun Yang , Xu Cheng

In cloud computing environments, multiple tenants are often co-located on the same multi-processor system. Thus, preventing information leakage between tenants is crucial. While the hypervisor enforces software isolation, shared hardware,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-06-29 Peter Pessl , Daniel Gruss , Clémentine Maurice , Michael Schwarz , Stefan Mangard

In this paper, we show that attackers can leak data from isolated, air-gapped computers to nearby smartphones via covert magnetic signals. The proposed covert channel works even if a smartphone is kept inside a Faraday shielding case, which…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-02-08 Mordechai Guri , Andrey Daidakulov , Yuval Elovici

We study covert communications over binary-input discrete memoryless alarm two-way channels, in which two users interact through a two-way channel and attempt to hide the presence of their communication from an eavesdropping receiver. The…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Tuna Erdoğan , Tyler Kann , Aria Nosratinia , Matthieu Bloch

Malware writers frequently try to hide the activities of their agents within tunnelled traffic. Within the Kill Chain model the infection time is often measured in seconds, and if the infection is not detected and blocked, the malware…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-30 Peter McLaren , William J Buchanan , Gordon Russell , Zhiyuan Tan

In this paper we show how attackers can covertly leak data (e.g., encryption keys, passwords and files) from highly secure or air-gapped networks via the row of status LEDs that exists in networking equipment such as LAN switches and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-06 Mordechai Guri , Boris Zadov , Andrey Daidakulov , Yuval Elovici

We introduce IMPACT, a set of high-throughput main memory-based timing attacks that leverage characteristics of processing-in-memory (PiM) architectures to establish covert and side channels. IMPACT enables high-throughput communication and…

Deep learning draws heavily on the latest progress in semantic communications. The present paper aims to examine the security aspect of this cutting-edge technique from a novel shuffling perspective. Our goal is to improve upon the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-11 Fupei Chen , Liyao Xiang , Haoxiang Sun , Hei Victor Cheng , Kaiming Shen