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The optimization-based meta-learning approach is gaining increased traction because of its unique ability to quickly adapt to a new task using only small amounts of data. However, existing optimization-based meta-learning approaches, such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Honglin Yang , Ji Ma , Xiao Yu

When faced with multiple minima of an "inner-level" convex optimization problem, the convex bilevel optimization problem selects an optimal solution which also minimizes an auxiliary "outer-level" convex objective of interest. Bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-10-10 Khanh-Hung Giang-Tran , Nam Ho-Nguyen , Dabeen Lee

Learning to Optimize (L2O) enhances optimization efficiency with integrated neural networks. L2O paradigms achieve great outcomes, e.g., refitting optimizer, generating unseen solutions iteratively or directly. However, conventional L2O…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Mingjia Shi , Ruihan Lin , Xuxi Chen , Yuhao Zhou , Zezhen Ding , Pingzhi Li , Tong Wang , Kai Wang , Zhangyang Wang , Jiheng Zhang , Tianlong Chen

Federated bilevel optimization has received increasing attention in various emerging machine learning and communication applications. Recently, several Hessian-vector-based algorithms have been proposed to solve the federated bilevel…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-13 Minhui Huang , Dewei Zhang , Kaiyi Ji

Bilevel optimization has recently attracted considerable attention due to its abundant applications in machine learning problems. However, existing methods rely on prior knowledge of problem parameters to determine stepsizes, resulting in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Yifan Yang , Hao Ban , Minhui Huang , Shiqian Ma , Kaiyi Ji

In this work, we develop analysis and algorithms for a class of (stochastic) bilevel optimization problems whose lower-level (LL) problem is strongly convex and linearly constrained. Most existing approaches for solving such problems rely…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-04-08 Prashant Khanduri , Ioannis Tsaknakis , Yihua Zhang , Sijia Liu , Mingyi Hong

Bilevel optimization has been developed for many machine learning tasks with large-scale and high-dimensional data. This paper considers a constrained bilevel optimization problem, where the lower-level optimization problem is convex with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-22 Siyuan Xu , Minghui Zhu

Bayesian Optimization (BO) is a well-established method for addressing black-box optimization problems. In many real-world scenarios, optimization often involves multiple functions, emphasizing the importance of leveraging data and learned…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Khoa Nguyen , Viet Huynh , Binh Tran , Tri Pham , Tin Huynh , Thin Nguyen

Two OFFO (Objective-Function Free Optimization) noise tolerant algorithms are presented that handle bound constraints, inexact gradients and use second-order information when available.The first is a multi-level method exploiting a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-16 Serge Gratton , Alena Kopaničáková , Philippe Toint

Fine-tuning large models on edge devices is severely hindered by the memory-intensive backpropagation (BP) in standard frameworks like federated learning and split learning. While substituting BP with zeroth-order optimization can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Qiyuan Chen , Xian Wu , Yi Wang , Xianhao Chen

Learning to Optimize (L2O) is a subfield of machine learning (ML) in which ML models are trained to solve parametric optimization problems. The general goal is to learn a fast approximator of solutions to constrained optimization problems,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-12-04 James Kotary , Himanshu Sharma , Ethan King , Draguna Vrabie , Ferdinando Fioretto , Jan Drgona

This paper proposes a new algorithm -- the \underline{S}ingle-timescale Do\underline{u}ble-momentum \underline{St}ochastic \underline{A}pprox\underline{i}matio\underline{n} (SUSTAIN) -- for tackling stochastic unconstrained bilevel…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2021-06-16 Prashant Khanduri , Siliang Zeng , Mingyi Hong , Hoi-To Wai , Zhaoran Wang , Zhuoran Yang

We study bilevel optimization problems where the lower-level problems are strongly convex and have coupled linear constraints. To overcome the potential non-smoothness of the hyper-objective and the computational challenges associated with…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-06 Wei Shen , Jiawei Zhang , Minhui Huang , Cong Shen

This paper considers the simple bilevel optimization (SBO) problem, which minimizes a composite convex function over the optimal solution set of another composite convex minimization problem. We first show that this bilevel problem is…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Rujun Jiang , Xu Shi , Weizheng Song , Jiulin Wang

Bilevel optimization has garnered significant attention in the machine learning community recently, particularly regarding the development of efficient numerical methods. While substantial progress has been made in developing efficient…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Qichao Cao , Shangzhi Zeng , Jin Zhang

Bilevel optimization is characterized by a two-level optimization structure, where the upper-level problem is constrained by optimal lower-level solutions, and such structures are prevalent in real-world problems. The constraint by optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Ruth Wan Theng Chew , Quoc Phong Nguyen , Bryan Kian Hsiang Low

Uncertainty quantification in PDE inverse problems is essential in many applications. Scientific machine learning and AI enable data-driven learning of model components while preserving physical structure, and provide the scalability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Ray Zirui Zhang , Christopher E. Miles , Xiaohui Xie , John S. Lowengrub

Bilevel Optimization Programming is used to model complex and conflicting interactions between agents, for example in Robust AI or Privacy-preserving AI. Integrating bilevel mathematical programming within deep learning is thus an essential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-01 Francesco Alesiani

Gradient-based hyperparameter optimization (HPO) have emerged recently, leveraging bilevel programming techniques to optimize hyperparameter by estimating hypergradient w.r.t. validation loss. Nevertheless, previous theoretical works mainly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-23 Yubo Zhou , Jun Shu , Junmin Liu , Deyu Meng

Meta-learning owns unique effectiveness and swiftness in tackling emerging tasks with limited data. Its broad applicability is revealed by viewing it as a bi-level optimization problem. The resultant algorithmic viewpoint however, faces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yilang Zhang , Bingcong Li , Shijian Gao , Georgios B. Giannakis