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Transformer-based models have dramatically increased their size and parameter count to tackle increasingly complex tasks. At the same time, there is a growing demand for high performance, low-latency inference on devices with limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ginés Carreto Picón , Peng Yuan Zhou , Qi Zhang , Alexandros Iosifidis

Recent advancements in vision-language models have enhanced performance by increasing the length of visual tokens, making them much longer than text tokens and significantly raising computational costs. However, we observe that the visual…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Senqiao Yang , Yukang Chen , Zhuotao Tian , Chengyao Wang , Jingyao Li , Bei Yu , Jiaya Jia

The use of large pretrained neural networks to create contextualized word embeddings has drastically improved performance on several natural language processing (NLP) tasks. These computationally expensive models have begun to be applied to…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2019-12-03 Benjamin Clavié , Kobi Gal

State-of-the-art rehearsal-free continual learning methods exploit the peculiarities of Vision Transformers to learn task-specific prompts, drastically reducing catastrophic forgetting. However, there is a tradeoff between the number of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Thomas De Min , Massimiliano Mancini , Karteek Alahari , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Elisa Ricci

Recently, the development of pre-trained language models has brought natural language processing (NLP) tasks to the new state-of-the-art. In this paper we explore the efficiency of various pre-trained language models. We pre-train a list of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-07-27 Tong Guo

While modern Transformer-based language models (LMs) have achieved major success in multi-task generalization, they often struggle to capture long-range dependencies within their context window. This work introduces a novel approach using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Alok N. Shah , Khush Gupta , Keshav Ramji , Pratik Chaudhari

Self-supervised pre-training of large-scale transformer models on text corpora followed by finetuning has achieved state-of-the-art on a number of natural language processing tasks. Recently, Lu et al. (2021, arXiv:2103.05247) claimed that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-28 Danielle Rothermel , Margaret Li , Tim Rocktäschel , Jakob Foerster

Transformer-based models are unable to process long sequences due to their self-attention operation, which scales quadratically with the sequence length. To address this limitation, we introduce the Longformer with an attention mechanism…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-03 Iz Beltagy , Matthew E. Peters , Arman Cohan

While transformer-based Large Language Models (LLMs) theoretically support massive context windows, they suffer from severe performance degradation when processing long numerical sequences. We attribute this failure to the attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Jie Sun , Yu Liu , Lu Han , Qiwen Deng , Xiang Shu , Yang Xiao , Xingyu Lu , Jun Zhou , Pengfei Liu , Lintao Ma , Jiancan Wu , Xiang Wang

Discrete diffusion-based multimodal large language models (dMLLMs) have emerged as a promising alternative to autoregressive MLLMs thanks to their advantages in parallel decoding and bidirectional context modeling, but most existing dMLLMs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-20 Duo Li , Zuhao Yang , Xiaoqin Zhang , Ling Shao , Shijian Lu

Recent advances in natural language processing highlight two key factors for improving reasoning in large language models (LLMs): (i) allocating more test-time compute tends to help on harder problems but often introduces redundancy in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Riccardo Alberghi , Elizaveta Demyanenko , Luca Biggio , Luca Saglietti

As large language models increasingly gain popularity in real-world applications, processing extremely long contexts, often exceeding the model's pre-trained context limits, has emerged as a critical challenge. While existing approaches to…

Large language models (LLMs) have recently shown remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, the substantial number of parameters in LLMs contributes to significant latency during model inference. This is particularly…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-19 Pengfei Wu , Jiahao Liu , Zhuocheng Gong , Qifan Wang , Jinpeng Li , Jingang Wang , Xunliang Cai , Dongyan Zhao

This paper presents an efficient technique to prune deep and/or wide convolutional neural network models by eliminating redundant features (or filters). Previous studies have shown that over-sized deep neural network models tend to produce…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-02-22 Babajide O. Ayinde , Jacek M. Zurada

Autoregressive Transformers adopted in Large Language Models (LLMs) are hard to scale to long sequences. Despite several works trying to reduce their computational cost, most of LLMs still adopt attention layers between all pairs of tokens…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Sotiris Anagnostidis , Dario Pavllo , Luca Biggio , Lorenzo Noci , Aurelien Lucchi , Thomas Hofmann

Long-context modeling presents a significant challenge for transformer-based large language models (LLMs) due to the quadratic complexity of the self-attention mechanism and issues with length extrapolation caused by pretraining exclusively…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Chenghao Yang , Zi Yang , Nan Hua

In order to reduce the computational complexity of large language models, great efforts have been made to to improve the efficiency of transformer models such as linear attention and flash-attention. However, the model size and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ning Ding , Yehui Tang , Haochen Qin , Zhenli Zhou , Chao Xu , Lin Li , Kai Han , Heng Liao , Yunhe Wang

Prompting and context-based fine-tuning methods, which we call Prefix Learning, have been proposed to enhance the performance of language models on various downstream tasks. They are empirically efficient and effective, matching the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Yingyu Liang , Zhenmei Shi , Zhao Song , Chiwun Yang

Despite the success of existing instruction-tuned models, we find that they usually struggle to respond to queries with multiple instructions. This impairs their performance in complex problems whose solution consists of multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-04 Hanxu Hu , Simon Yu , Pinzhen Chen , Edoardo M. Ponti

Pretrained transformer models have demonstrated remarkable performance across various natural language processing tasks. These models leverage the attention mechanism to capture long- and short-range dependencies in the sequence. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-20 Qingru Zhang , Dhananjay Ram , Cole Hawkins , Sheng Zha , Tuo Zhao