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The error correcting capabilities of the Calderbank-Shor-Steane [[7,1,3]] quantum code, together with a fault-tolerant syndrome extraction by means of several ancilla states, have been numerically studied. A simple probability expression to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Pedro J. Salas

Quantum effect enables enhanced estimation precision in metrology, with the Heisenberg limit (HL) representing the ultimate limit allowed by quantum mechanics. Although the HL is generally unattainable in the presence of noise, quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-15 Himanshu Sahu , Qian Xu , Sisi Zhou

It is important to protect quantum information against decoherence and operational errors, and quantum error-correcting (QEC) codes are the keys to solving this problem. Of course, just the existence of codes is not efficient. It is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jumpei Niwa , Keiji Matsumoto , Hiroshi Imai

Quantum data is susceptible to decoherence induced by the environment and to errors in the hardware processing it. A future fault-tolerant quantum computer will use quantum error correction (QEC) to actively protect against both. In the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-30 D. Ristè , S. Poletto , M. -Z. Huang , A. Bruno , V. Vesterinen , O. -P. Saira , L. DiCarlo

The Pauli stabilizer formalism is perhaps the most thoroughly studied means of procuring quantum error-correcting codes, whereby the code is obtained through commutative Pauli operators and ``stabilized'' by them. In this work we will show…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-04 Jhih-Yuan Kao , Hsi-Sheng Goan

The integration of quantum error correction codes and homomorphic encryption schemes is essential for achieving fault-tolerant secure cloud quantum computing. However, owing to the significant overheads associated with these schemes, their…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-21 IlKwon Sohn , Boseon Kim , Kwangil Bae , Wonhyuk Lee

Collective coherent noise poses challenges for fault-tolerant quantum error correction (FTQEC), as it falls outside the usual stochastic noise models. While constant excitation (CE) codes can naturally avoid coherent noise, a complete…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-15 Ching-Yi Lai , Pei-Hao Liou , Yingkai Ouyang

Multi-valued quantum systems can store more information than binary ones for a given number of quantum states. For reliable operation of multi-valued quantum systems, error correction is mandated. In this paper, we propose a 5-qutrit…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-02-13 Ritajit Majumdar , Susmita Sur-Kolay

Quantum error correction is capable of digitizing quantum noise and increasing the robustness of qubits. Typically, error correction is designed with the target of eliminating all errors - making an error so unlikely it can be assumed that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Salonik Resch , Ulya R. Karpuzcu

The intrinsic probabilistic nature of quantum systems makes error correction or mitigation indispensable for quantum computation. While current error-correcting strategies focus on correcting errors in quantum states or quantum gates, these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-01-23 Andrew K. Tan , Yuan Liu , Minh C. Tran , Isaac L. Chuang

The theory of quantum error correction was established more than a decade ago as the primary tool for fighting decoherence in quantum information processing. Although great progress has already been made in this field, limited methods are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-09-29 Zhuo Wang , Kai Sun , Hen Fan , Vlatko Vedral

Concatenated coding provides a general strategy to achieve the desired level of noise protection in quantum information storage and transmission. We report the implementation of a concatenated quantum error-correcting code able to correct…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Nicolas Boulant , Lorenza Viola , Evan M. Fortunato , David G. Cory

Quantum error correction is an essential ingredient for universal quantum computing. Despite tremendous experimental efforts in the study of quantum error correction, to date, there has been no demonstration in the realisation of universal…

Quantum error correction/detection (QEC/QED) and dynamical decoupling (DD) are tools for protecting quantum information. A natural goal is to combine them to outperform either approach alone. Such a benefit is not automatic: physical DD can…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-03 Victor Kasatkin , Mario Morford-Oberst , Arian Vezvaee , Daniel A. Lidar

In this work, the efficient quantum error-correction protocol against the general independent noise is constructed with the three-qubit codes. The rules of concatenation are summarized according to the error-correcting capability of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-06-05 Long Huang

Quantum error correction is an important building block for reliable quantum information processing. A challenging hurdle in the theory of quantum error correction is that it is significantly more difficult to design error-correcting codes…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-17 Yuichiro Fujiwara , Alexander Gruner , Peter Vandendriessche

Quantum error correction is an important ingredient for scalable quantum computing. Stabilizer codes are one of the most promising and straightforward ways to correct quantum errors, are convenient for logical operations, and improve…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-07 Ilya. A. Simakov , Ilya. S. Besedin

Ternary quantum systems are being studied because these provide more computational state space per unit of information, known as qutrit. A qutrit has three basis states, thus a qubit may be considered as a special case of a qutrit where the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-07-06 Ritajit Majumdar , Saikat Basu , Shibashis Ghosh , Susmita Sur-Kolay

We consider the problem of optimally decoding a quantum error correction code -- that is to find the optimal recovery procedure given the outcomes of partial "check" measurements on the system. In general, this problem is NP-hard. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-13 David Poulin

Ancilla post-selection is a common means of achieving fault-tolerance in quantum error-correction. However, it can lead to additional data errors due to movement or wait operations. Alternatives to post-selection may achieve lower overall…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-04-20 Ali Abu-Nada , Ben Fortescue , Mark Byrd
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