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Gravitational wave coalescence events provide an entirely new way to determine the Hubble constant, with the absolute distance calibration provided by the theory of general relativity. This standard siren method was utilized to measure the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-11-08 Hsin-Yu Chen , Maya Fishbach , Daniel E. Holz

We present a new measurement of the Hubble constant ($H_0$) resulting from the first joint analysis of standard sirens with weak gravitational lensing and galaxy clustering observables comprising three two-point correlation functions…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-05-13 Felipe Andrade-Oliveira , David Sanchez-Cid , Danny Laghi , Marcelle Soares-Santos

The Hubble constant ($H_0$) estimated from the local Cepheid-supernova (SN) distance ladder is in 3-$\sigma$ tension with the value extrapolated from cosmic microwave background (CMB) data assuming the standard cosmological model. Whether…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-02-20 Stephen M. Feeney , Hiranya V. Peiris , Andrew R. Williamson , Samaya M. Nissanke , Daniel J. Mortlock , Justin Alsing , Dan Scolnic

Gravitational waves (GW) can be employed as standard sirens that will soon measure the Hubble constant with sufficient precision to weigh in on the $\sim 5\sigma$ Hubble tension. Most GW sources will have no identified electromagnetic…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-08-16 Emery Trott , Dragan Huterer

Gravitational wave signal from the inspiral of stellar-mass binary black hole can be used as standard sirens to perform cosmological inference. This inspiral covers a wide range of frequency bands, from the millihertz band to the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-01 Liang-Gui Zhu , Ling-Hua Xie , Yi-Ming Hu , Shuai Liu , En-Kun Li , Nicola R. Napolitano , Bai-Tian Tang , Jian-dong Zhang , Jianwei Mei

Gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens have the potential to measure the Hubble constant $H_0$ in the local universe independently of the distance ladder, and thus offer unique new insights into the Hubble tension. A key challenge with…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-24 Jiaming Pan , Dragan Huterer , Camille Avestruz , Damon H. T. Cheung , Emery Trott , Neal Dalal , Donghui Jeong

Gravitational-wave (GW) events can serve as standard sirens for cosmology, as the luminosity distance to source can be directly measured from the waveform amplitude. Specifically, the ``dark'' siren method involves inferring cosmological…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-21 Yijun Wang , Yanbei Chen

With the increasing sensitivity of gravitational-wave detectors, we expect to observe multiple binary neutron-star systems through gravitational waves in the near future. The combined analysis of these gravitational-wave signals offers the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-11 Nina Kunert , Peter T. H. Pang , Ingo Tews , Michael W. Coughlin , Tim Dietrich

The disagreement between early and late Universe electromagnetic measurements of the Hubble constant, $H_0$, known as the Hubble tension, highlights the need for independent and complementary probes. Gravitational-wave events have recently…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-25 Eungwang Seo , Kyungmin Kim , Zhuotao Li , Justin Janquart , Rachel Gray , Martin Hendry

Gravitational-wave sources can serve as standard sirens to probe cosmology by measuring their luminosity distance and redshift. Such standard sirens are also useful to probe theories beyond general relativity with a modified…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2021-06-30 Nan Jiang , Kent Yagi

We report the first measurement of the Hubble constant $H_0$ using the stochastic gravitational-wave background arising from binary black hole mergers. This astrophysical background is sensitive to the expansion history of the Universe and…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-03 Bryce Cousins , Kristen Schumacher , Adrian Ka-Wai Chung , Colm Talbot , Thomas Callister , Daniel E. Holz , Nicolás Yunes

Gravitational waves (GWs) from compact binary coalescences have matured into a robust cosmological probe, providing self-calibrated luminosity distance measurements independent of any cosmic distance ladder, hence the term "standard…

The observations of gravitational wave (GW) provide us a new probe to study the universe. GW events can be used as standard sirens if their redshifts are measured. Normally, stardard sirens can be divided into bright/dark sirens according…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-24 Jiming Yu , Zhengyan Liu , Xiaohu Yang , Yu Wang , Pengjie Zhang , Xin Zhang , Wen Zhao

The cosmological luminosity-distance can be measured from gravitational wave (GW) standard sirens, free of astronomical distance ladders and the associated systematics. However, it may still contain systematics arising from various…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-08-25 Pengjie Zhang , Hai Yu

Recent observations have accumulated compelling evidence that some short gamma-ray bursts (SGRBs) are associated with the mergers of neutron star (NS) binaries. This would indicate that the SGRB event is associated with a gravitational-wave…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-11 Samaya Nissanke , Daniel E. Holz , Neal Dalal , Scott A. Hughes , Jonathan L. Sievers , Christopher M. Hirata

Gravitational waves emitted by chirping supermassive black hole binaries could in principle be used to obtain very accurate distance determinations. Provided they have an electromagnetic counterpart from which the redshift can be…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-01-19 Jakob Jonsson , Ariel Goobar , Edvard Mortsell

Gravitational wave (GW) observations of binary neutron star (BNS) mergers can be used to measure luminosity distances and hence, when coupled with estimates for the mergers' host redshifts, infer the Hubble constant, $H_0$. These…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2019-11-27 Daniel J. Mortlock , Stephen M. Feeney , Hiranya V. Peiris , Andrew R. Williamson , Samaya M. Nissanke

The Hubble Constant observed at high redshift and low redshift are inconsistent, representing one of the urgent issues to be resolved in the field of cosmology. The discovery of gravitational waves opens a new window for addressing this…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-11 Xu Chao

The Hubble constant is of paramount importance in astrophysics and cosmology. A large number of methods have been developed with different electromagnetic probes to estimate its value. The most recent results show a tension between values…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-19 Rosa Poggiani

Gravitational-wave standard sirens present a novel approach for the determination of the Hubble constant. After the recent spectacular confirmation of the method thanks to GW170817 and its optical counterpart, additional standard siren…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-24 Eleonora Di Valentino , Daniel E. Holz , Alessandro Melchiorri , Fabrizio Renzi