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Structural balance theory studies stability in networks. Given a $n$-vertex complete graph $G=(V,E)$ whose edges are labeled positive or negative, the graph is considered \emph{balanced} if every triangle either consists of three positive…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-06-02 Vikrant Ashvinkumar , Sepehr Assadi , Chengyuan Deng , Jie Gao , Chen Wang

We investigate signed networks with community structure with respect to their spectrum and their evolution under a dynamical model of structural balance, a prominent theory of signed social networks. The spectrum of the adjacency matrix…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Megan Morrison , Michael Gabbay

The study of social networks is a burgeoning research area. However, most existing work deals with networks that simply encode whether relationships exist or not. In contrast, relationships in signed networks can be positive ("like",…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2013-03-06 Kai-Yang Chiang , Cho-Jui Hsieh , Nagarajan Natarajan , Ambuj Tewari , Inderjit S. Dhillon

The structural balance of a signed graph is known to be necessary and sufficient to obtain a bipartite consensus among agents with friend-foe relationships. In the real world, relationships are multifarious, and the coexistence of different…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-09 Honghui Wu , Ahmet Taha Koru , Guanxuan Wu , Frank L. Lewis , Hai Lin

In a signed graph, each link is labeled with either a positive or a negative sign. This is particularly appropriate to model polarized systems. Such a graph can be characterized through the notion of structural balance, which relies on the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-05-01 Nejat Arinik , Rosa Figueiredo , Vincent Labatut

In signed networks, some existing community detection methods treat negative connections as intercommunity links and positive ones as intracommunity links. However, it is important to recognize that negative links on real-world networks…

Physics and Society · Physics 2023-08-17 Peng Zhang , Xianyu Xu , Leyang Xue

Meso-scale structures in signed networks have been studied under the limiting assumption of the validity of social balance theory, which predicts positive connections within groups and negative connections between groups. Here, we propose…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Wei Zhang , Olga Boichak , Tristram J. Alexander , Tiago P. Peixoto , Eduardo G. Altmann

Signed networks, characterized by edges labeled as either positive or negative, offer nuanced insights into interaction dynamics beyond the capabilities of unsigned graphs. Central to this is the task of identifying the maximum balanced…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Jingbang Chen , Qiuyang Mang , Hangrui Zhou , Richard Peng , Yu Gao , Chenhao Ma

Signed directed social networks, in which the relationships between users can be either positive (indicating relations such as trust) or negative (indicating relations such as distrust), are increasingly common. Thus the interplay between…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2014-08-29 Dongjin Song , David A. Meyer

A large portion of today's big data can be represented as networks. However, not all networks are the same, and in fact, for many that have additional complexities to their structure, traditional general network analysis methods are no…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-09-16 Tyler Derr , Cassidy Johnson , Yi Chang , Jiliang Tang

In signed networks, each edge is labeled as either positive or negative. The edge sign captures the polarity of a relationship. Balance of signed networks is a well-studied property in graph theory. In a balanced (sub)graph, the vertices…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-22 Kartik Sharma , Iqra Altaf Gillani , Sourav Medya , Sayan Ranu , Amitabha Bagchi

Signed graphs have their edges labeled either as positive or negative. Here we introduce two types of signed distance matrix for signed graphs. We characterize balance in signed graphs using these matrices and we obtain explicit formulae…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Shahul Hameed K , Shijin T , Soorya P , Germina K A , Thomas Zaslavsky

Social network extensions of Heider's balance theory have not always been consistent. Structural balance theory primarily focuses on graph partitioning, thereby assuming, homogeneity in balance-driven behavior of nodes. We present a general…

Physics and Society · Physics 2024-10-15 David Dekker , David Krackhardt , Patrick Doreian , Pavel N. Krivitsky

Statistical network models are useful for understanding the underlying formation mechanism and characteristics of complex networks. However, statistical models for \textit{signed networks} have been largely unexplored. In signed networks,…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-09-04 Weijing Tang , Ji Zhu

Signed networks are frequently observed in real life with additional sign information associated with each edge, yet such information has been largely ignored in existing network models. This paper develops a unified embedding model for…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-10-17 Haoran Zhang , Junhui Wang

Is the enemy of an enemy necessarily a friend? If not, to what extent does this tend to hold? Such questions were formulated in terms of signed (social) networks and necessary and sufficient conditions for a network to be "balanced" were…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Samin Aref , Mark C. Wilson

Signed graphs are an emergent way of representing data in a variety of contexts where antagonistic interactions exist. These include data from biological, ecological, and social systems. Here we propose the concept of communicability for…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2025-03-20 Fernando Diaz-Diaz , Ernesto Estrada

Due to the fact much of today's data can be represented as graphs, there has been a demand for generalizing neural network models for graph data. One recent direction that has shown fruitful results, and therefore growing interest, is the…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-08-21 Tyler Derr , Yao Ma , Jiliang Tang

There is a long-standing belief that in social networks with simultaneous friendly/hostile interactions (signed networks) there is a general tendency to a global balance. Balance represents a state of the network with lack of contentious…

Physics and Society · Physics 2014-06-10 Ernesto Estrada , Michele Benzi

We propose a signed network formation game, in which pairs of individuals strategically change the signs of the edges in a complete network. These individuals are members of a social network who strategically reduce cognitive dissonances by…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Pedro Cisneros-Velarde , Francesco Bullo