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Related papers: Pre-hydrodynamic evolution and its signatures in f…

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We use effective kinetic theory to study the pre-equilibrium dynamics in heavy-ion collisions. We describe the evolution of linearized energy perturbations on top of out-of-equilibrium background to the energy-momentum tensor at a time when…

To bracket the importance of the pre-equilibrium stage on relativistic heavy-ion collision observables, we compare simulations where it is modeled by either free-streaming partons or fluid dynamics. These cases implement the assumptions of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Ulrich W. Heinz , Jia Liu

The transverse momentum anisotropy of the particles produced in heavy ion collisions is one of the most important experimental observable to investigate the collective behavior of the systems created in such collisions. Recent studies show…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2015-06-18 Jun Takahashi , Rafael Derradi de Souza , David Dobrigkeit Chinellato

We use a hydrodynamic model to study the space-time evolution transverse to the beam direction in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions with nonzero impact parameters. We focus on the influence of early pressure on the development of…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-09 P. F. Kolb , J. Sollfrank , P. V. Ruuskanen , U. Heinz

We review progress in the hydrodynamic description of heavy-ion collisions, focusing on recent developments in modeling the fluctuating initial state and event-by-event viscous hydrodynamic simulations. We discuss how hydrodynamics can be…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-12 Charles Gale , Sangyong Jeon , Bjoern Schenke

We evaluate the full opacity dependence of collective flow in high-energy heavy-ion collisions within a microscopic kinetic description based on the Boltzmann equation in the conformal relaxation time approximation. By comparing kinetic…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2023-05-24 Victor E. Ambrus , S. Schlichting , C. Werthmann

Relativistic hydrodynamics has been quite successful in explaining the collective behaviour of the QCD matter produced in high energy heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and LHC. We briefly review the latest developments in the hydrodynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-10-28 Amaresh Jaiswal , Victor Roy

We study how the inclusion of energy dependence as dictated by quantum chromodynamic (QCD) small-$x$ evolution equations affects key observables in ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions. Specifically, we incorporate JIMWLK evolution into…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2026-03-20 Heikki Mäntysaari , Björn Schenke , Chun Shen , Wenbin Zhao

By taking into account the effects of leading particles, we discuss the pseudorapidity distributions of the charged particles produced in high energy heavy ion collisions in the context of evolution-dominated hydrodynamic model. The leading…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-01-07 Z. J. Jiang , H. L. Zhang , J. Wang , K. Ma

We study the importance of the initial state, baryon stopping and baryon number transport for the dynamical evolution of a strongly interacting system produced in heavy ion collisions. We employ a hybrid model, which combines the fluid…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2013-05-30 J. Steinheimer , V. Koch , M. Bleicher

We present a coupled Boltzmann and hydrodynamics approach to relativistic heavy ion reactions. This hybrid approach is based on the Ultra-relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics (UrQMD) transport approach with an intermediate hydrodynamical…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Hannah Petersen , Jan Steinheimer , Gerhard Burau , Marcus Bleicher , Horst Stöcker

The effects of event-by-event fluctuations in the initial geometry of the colliding nuclei are important in the analysis of final flow observables in relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We use hydrodynamic simulations to study the amplitude…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-09-14 Jing Qian , Ulrich Heinz

We show that by requiring positivity of the longitudinal pressure it is possible to constrain the initial conditions one can use in 2nd-order viscous hydrodynamical simulations of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions. We demonstrate this…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-09-09 Mauricio Martinez , Michael Strickland

The understanding of heavy ion collisions and its quark-gluon plasma formation requires a complicated interplay of rich physics in a wealth of experimental data. In this work we compare for identified particles the transverse momentum…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-05-26 Govert Nijs , Wilke van der Schee , Umut Gürsoy , Raimond Snellings

We present a realistic treatment of the hydrodynamic evolution of ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions, based on the following features: initial conditions obtained from a flux tube approach, compatible with the string model and the color…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-03-14 K. Werner , Iu. Karpenko , T. Pierog , M. Bleicher , K. Mikhailov

In this study we examine the impact of the initial stage and dynamical evolution on final-state observables in heavy-ion collisions. For this goal we develop a novel approach, EPOSir+PHSDe, which employs EPOS initial conditions as the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2025-09-09 Mahbobeh Jafarpour , Vadym Voronyuk , Klaus Werner , Elena Bratkovskaya , Damien Vintache

In this article, we briefly review recent progress on hydrodynamic modeling and its implementations to relativistic heavy-ion collisions at RHIC and the LHC. The related topics include: 1) initial state fluctuations, final state…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2014-01-03 Huichao Song

The space-time evolution of high energy non-central heavy ion collisions is studied with relativistic hydrodynamics. The results are very sensitive to the Equation of State(EoS). For an EoS with the QCD phase transition, an unusual matter…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2009-10-31 D. Teaney , E. V. Shuryak

We develop a (3+1)-dimensional hybrid evolution model for heavy-ion collisions with dynamical sources for the energy-momentum tensor and baryon current. During an initial pre-equilibrium stage based on UrQMD, the four-momenta and baryon…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2019-01-23 Lipei Du , Ulrich Heinz , Gojko Vujanovic

A 3-fluid hydrodynamic model for simulating relativistic heavy-ion collisions is introduced. Alongside with two baryon-rich fluids, the new model considers time-delayed evolution of a third, baryon-free (i.e. with zero net baryonic charge)…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2008-11-26 Yu. B. Ivanov , V. N. Russkikh , V. D. Toneev