English
Related papers

Related papers: Reconstructing air shower parameters with LOFAR us…

200 papers

Reconstructing the longitudinal profile of extensive air showers, generated from the interaction of cosmic rays in the Earth's atmosphere, is crucial to understanding their mass composition, which in turn provides valuable insight on their…

Cosmic rays are routinely measured at LOFAR, both with a dense array of antennas and with the LOFAR Radboud air shower Array (LORA) which is an array of plastic scintillators. In this paper, we present two results relating to the cosmic-ray…

{Measurements of cosmic-ray composition based on air-shower measurements rely mostly on the determination of the position of the shower maximum ($X_\mathrm{max}$). One efficient technique is to image the development of the air shower using…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-06-03 V. B. Jhansi , S. Thoudam , S. Buitink , A. Corstranje , M. Desmet , J. R. Horandel , T. Heuge , K. Mulrey , O. Scholten

AIMS: We wish to study the spectral dependence of the radio emission from cosmic-ray air showers around 100 PeV (1017 eV). METHODS: We observe short radio pulses in a broad frequency band with the dipole-interferometer LOPES (LOFAR…

Astrophysics · Physics 2008-09-17 A. Nigl

The radio detection of extensive air showers provides a powerful method for studying the origin of high-energy cosmic rays. The Low-Frequency Array (LOFAR) offers unprecedentedly detailed measurements of the radio emission footprint.…

Surface radio antenna-based measurements of cosmic-ray air showers present significant computational challenges in accurately reconstructing physics observables, in particular, the depth of shower maximum, X$_{max}$. State-of-the-art…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-11 Paras Koundal

The Tunka Radio Extension (Tunka-Rex) is an array of 63 antennas located in the Tunka Valley, Siberia. It detects radio pulses in the 30-80 MHz band produced during the air-shower development. As shown by Tunka-Rex, a sparse radio array…

The LOPES experiment, a digital radio interferometer located at KIT (Karlsruhe Institute of Technology), obtained remarkable results for the detection of radio emission from extensive air showers at MHz frequencies. Features of the radio…

For the interpretation of measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers, an important systematic uncertainty arises from natural variations of the atmospheric refractive index $n$. At a given altitude, the refractivity $N=10^6\,…

Cosmic ray air showers are known to emit pulsed radio emission at frequencies around a few tens of MHz. Accompanying the experimental efforts of the LOPES project, situated at the KASCADE-Grande site of the Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Tim Huege , Heino Falcke

The LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR) is used to make precise measurements of radio emission from extensive air showers, yielding information about the primary cosmic ray. Interpreting the measured data requires an absolute and…

CORSIKA 8 is a modern, flexible framework for simulating particle cascades in air and dense media, allowing for fully customizable shower simulations. The radio module autonomously handles electric field calculations and propagation to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-09-22 Marvin Gottowik

The standard method to estimate the mass of a cosmic ray is the measurement of the atmospheric depth of the shower maximum ($X_\text{max}$). This depth is strongly correlated with the mass of the primary because it depends on the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2019-08-13 Florian Gaté

Over the last few decades, radio detection has become one of the standard techniques to study high-energy cosmic-ray air showers. For the purpose of analysing the data, we heavily rely on Monte Carlo simulations. Upcoming dense radio array…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-09-20 Mitja Desmet , Stijn Buitink , Tim Huege

The Large High Altitude Air Shower Observatory (LHAASO) has three sub-arrays, KM2A, WCDA and WFCTA. The flux variations of cosmic ray air showers were studied by analyzing the KM2A data during the thunderstorm on 10 June 2021. The number of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-12-07 LHAASO Collaboration , F. Aharonian , Q. An , Axikegu , L. X. Bai , Y. X. Bai , Y. W. Bao , D. Bastieri , X. J. Bi , Y. J. Bi , J. T. Cai , Zhe Cao , Zhen Cao , J. Chang , J. F. Chang , E. S. Chen , Liang Chen , Liang Chen , Long Chen , M. J. Chen , M. L. Chen , S. H. Chen , S. Z. Chen , T. L. Chen , X. J. Chen , Y. Chen , H. L. Cheng , N. Cheng , Y. D. Cheng , S. W. Cui , X. H. Cui , Y. D. Cui , B. Z. Dai , H. L. Dai , Z. G. Dai , Danzengluobu , D. della Volpe , K. K. Duan , J. H. Fan , Y. Z. Fan , Z. X. Fan , J. Fang , K. Fang , C. F. Feng , L. Feng , S. H. Feng , X. T. Feng , Y. L. Feng , B. Gao , C. D. Gao , L. Q. Gao , Q. Gao , W. Gao , W. K. Gao , M. M. Ge , L. S. Geng , G. H. Gong , Q. B. Gou , M. H. Gu , F. L. Gu , J. G. Guo , X. L. Guo , Y. Q. Guo , Y. Y. Guo , Y. A. Han , H. H. He , H. N. He , S. L. He , X. B. He , Y. He , M. Heller , Y. K. Hor , C. Hou , X. Hou , H. B. Hu , Q. Hu , S. Hu , S. C. Hu , X. J. Hu , D. H. Huang , W. H. Huang , X. T. Huang , X. Y. Huang , Y. Huang , Z. C. Huang , X. L. Ji , H. Y. Jia , K. Jia , K. Jiang , Z. J. Jiang , M. Jin , M. M. Kang , T. Ke , D. Kuleshov , B. B. Li , Cheng Li , Cong Li , F. Li , H. B. Li , H. C. Li , H. Y. Li , J. Li , Jian Li , Jie Li , K. Li , W. L. Li , X. R. Li , Xin Li , Xin Li , Y. Z. Li , Zhe Li , Zhuo Li , E. W. Liang , Y. F. Liang , S. J. Lin , B. Liu , C. Liu , D. Liu , H. Liu , H. D. Liu , J. Liu , J. L. Liu , J. S. Liu , J. Y. Liu , M. Y. Liu , R. Y. Liu , S. M. Liu , W. Liu , Y. Liu , Y. N. Liu , W. J. Long , R. Lu , Q. Luo , H. K. Lv , B. Q. Ma , L. L. Ma , X. H. Ma , J. R. Mao , A. Masood , Z. Min , W. Mitthumsiri , Y. C. Nan , Z. W. Ou , B. Y. Pang , P. Pattarakijwanich , Z. Y. Pei , M. Y. Qi , Y. Q. Qi , B. Q. Qiao , J. J. Qin , D. Ruffolo , A. Sáiz , C. Y. Shao , L. Shao , O. Shchegolev , X. D. Sheng , J. Y. Shi , H. C. Song , Yu. V. Stenkin , V. Stepanov , Y. Su , Q. N. Sun , X. N. Sun , Z. B. Sun , P. H. T. Tam , Z. B. Tang , W. W. Tian , B. D. Wang , C. Wang , H. Wang , H. G. Wang , J. C. Wang , J. S. Wang , L. P. Wang , L. Y. Wang , R. Wang , R. N. Wang , W. Wang , X. G. Wang , X. Y. Wang , Y. Wang , Y. D. Wang , Y. J. Wang , Y. P. Wang , Z. H. Wang. Z. X. Wang , Zhen Wang , Zheng Wang , D. M. Wei , J. J. Wei , Y. J. Wei , T. Wen , C. Y. Wu , H. R. Wu , S. Wu , X. F. Wu , Y. S. W , S. Q. Xi , J. Xia , J. J. Xia , G. M. Xiang , D. X. Xiao , G. Xiao , G. G. Xin , Y. L. Xin , Y. Xing , Z. Xiong , D. L. Xu , R. X. Xu , L. Xue , D. H. Yan , J. Z. Yan , C. W. Yang , F. F. Yang , H. W. Yang , J. Y. Yang , L. L. Yang , M. J. Yang , R. Z. Yang , S. B. Yang , Y. H. Yao , Z. G. Yao , Y. M. Ye , L. Q. Yin , N. Yin , X. H. You , Z. Y. You , Y. H. Yu , Q. Yuan , H. Yue , H. D. Zeng , T. X. Zeng , W. Zeng , Z. K. Zeng , M. Zha , X. X. Zhai , B. B. Zhang , F. Zhang , H. M. Zhang , H. Y. Zhang , J. L. Zhang , L. X. Zhang , Li Zhang , Lu Zhang , P. F. Zhang , P. P. Zhang , R. Zhang , S. B. Zhang , S. R. Zhang , S. S. Zhang , X. Zhang , X. P. Zhang , Y. F. Zhang , Y. L. Zhang , Yi Zhang , Yong Zhang , B. Zhao , J. Zhao , L. Zhao , L. Z. Zhao , S. P. Zhao , F. Zheng , Y. Zheng , B. Zhou , H. Zhou , J. N. Zhou , P. Zhou , R. Zhou , X. X. Zhou , C. G. Zhu , F. R. Zhu , H. Zhu , K. J. Zhu , X. Zuo

SURA is a self-triggered radio array on the roof of physics faculty at Semnan university in Iran. It is designed to detect radio emissions from air showers produced by ultra-high energy (UHE) cosmic rays with energies exceeding 1017 eV. The…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2024-10-22 F. Latifian , G. Rastegarzadeh

Based on CORSIKA and REAS2 simulations, we investigate the dependence of geosynchrotron radio emission from extensive air showers on the energy of the primary cosmic ray and the depth of the shower maximum. It is found that at a…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 T. Huege , R. Ulrich , R. Engel

Extensive air showers, induced by high energy cosmic rays impinging on the Earth's atmosphere, produce radio emission that is measured with the LOFAR radio telescope. As the emission comes from a finite distance of a few kilometers, the…

A comparative study of simulated air shower longitudinal profiles is presented. An appropriate thinning level for the calculations is first determined empirically. High statistics results are then provided, over a wide energy range,…

Astrophysics · Physics 2011-05-23 C. L. Pryke

Cosmic rays with energy exceeding ~ 10^{18} eV are referred to as ultra-high energy cosmic rays (UHECRs). Monte Carlo codes for extensive air shower (EAS) simulate the development of EASs initiated by UHECRs in the Earth's atmosphere.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-12 Soonyoung Roh , Jihee Kim , Dongsu Ryu , Hyesung Kang , Katsuaki Kasahara , Eiji Kido , Akimichi Taketa