Related papers: Vacuum for accelerators: introduction to materials…
In order to satisfy ultrahigh-vacuum requirements several mechanical engineering disciplines need to be pushed to their limits. At the manufacturing level high precision turning or diamond turning is necessary to obtain smooth surfaces,…
From ambient down to cryogenic temperatures, the behaviour of materials changes greatly. Mechanisms leading to variations in electrical, thermal, mechanical, and magnetic properties in pure metals, alloys, and insulators are briefly…
This paper describes the CERN's vacuum control system from the field devices to the Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition software. First, a particular attention is given to the environment present in the accelerators, like noise…
Fundamental questions on the nature of matter and energy have found answers thanks to the use of particle accelerators. Societal applications, such as cancer treatment or cancer imaging, illustrate the impact of accelerators in our current…
This paper reports the main physical and chemical properties of NEG materials, sorption mechanisms and use of NEG pumps from high to extreme high vacuums.
Vacuum thin windows have been used in Fermilab's accelerators for decades and typically have been overlooked in terms of their criticality and fragility. Vacuum windows allow beam to pass through while creating a boundary between vacuum and…
High Power Target systems are key elements in future neutrino and other rare particle production in accelerators. These systems transform an intense source of protons into secondary particles of interest to enable new scientific…
The basic notions of vacuum technology for superconducting applications are presented, with an emphasis on mass and heat transport in free molecular regimes. The working principles and practical details of turbomolecular pumps and cryopumps…
Principles of the precision cleaning dedicated to ultra-high vacuum applications are reviewed together with the techniques for the evaluation of surface cleanliness. Methods to verify the effectiveness of cleaning procedures are addressed.…
Collimation systems are essential in particle accelerators to safely and efficiently manage unavoidable beam losses during operation. These systems rely on collimators, which are specially designed movable jaws or absorbers positioned close…
The unusual electronic states found in topological materials can enable a new generation of devices and technologies, yet a long-standing challenge has been finding materials without deleterious parallel bulk conduction. This can arise…
Knowledge of the electromagnetic interaction between a beam and the surrounding vacuum chamber is necessary in order to optimize the accelerator performance in terms of stored current. Many instability phenomena may occur in the machine…
The fabrication fidelity and vacuum properties are tested for currently available 3D-printed materials including polyamide, glass, acrylic, and sterling silver. The silver was the only material found to be suitable to ultrahigh vacuum…
Thermoelectric (TE) air cooling is a solid-state technology that has the potential to replace conventional vapor compression-based air conditioning. In this paper, we present a detailed system-level modeling for thermoelectric air…
Low-temperature alloys are important for a wide spectrum of modern technologies ranging from liquid hydrogen, and superconductivity to quantum technology. These applications push the limit of material performance into extreme coldness,…
The prospect of efficient solid state refrigeration at room temperature is driving research into magnetic cooling engine design and magnetic phase transition-based refrigerants. In this Viewpoint an Ashby-style map of magnetic refrigerant…
The magnetic properties of two important passive magnetic shielding materials (A4K and Amumetal) for accelerator applications, subjected to various processing and heat treatment conditions are studied comprehensively over a wide range of…
Hypersonic vehicles must withstand extreme conditions during flights that exceed five times the speed of sound. These systems have the potential to facilitate rapid access to space, bolster defense capabilities, and create a new paradigm…
Maintaining temperature is crucial in both daily life and industrial settings, ensuring human comfort and device functionality. In the quest for energy conservation and emission reduction, several contemporary passive temperature control…
A set of ballpark parameters for laser, plasma, and accelerator technologies that define for electron energies reaching as high as TeV are identified. These ballpark parameters are carved out from the fundamental scaling laws that govern…