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An important use case of next-generation wireless systems is device-edge co-inference, where a semantic task is partitioned between a device and an edge server. The device carries out data collection and partial processing of the data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Yuzhen Ke , Zoran Utkovski , Mehdi Heshmati , Osvaldo Simeone , Johannes Dommel , Slawomir Stanczak

Edge intelligence enables resource-demanding Deep Neural Network (DNN) inference without transferring original data, addressing concerns about data privacy in consumer Internet of Things (IoT) devices. For privacy-sensitive applications,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Xueshuo Xie , Haoxu Wang , Zhaolong Jian , Tao Li , Wei Wang , Zhiwei Xu , Guiling Wang

The rapid rise of Language Models (LMs) has expanded the capabilities of natural language processing, powering applications from text generation to complex decision-making. While state-of-the-art LMs often boast hundreds of billions of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-24 Maximilian Abstreiter , Sasu Tarkoma , Roberto Morabito

Edge learning facilitates ubiquitous intelligence by enabling model training and adaptation directly on data-generating devices, thereby mitigating privacy risks and communication latency. However, the high computational and energy overhead…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Laha Ale , Hu Luo , Mingsheng Cao , Shichao Li , Huanlai Xing , Haifeng Sun

With the prosperity of mobile devices, the distributed learning approach enabling model training with decentralized data has attracted wide research. However, the lack of training capability for edge devices significantly limits the energy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Ziyang Hong , C. Patrick Yue

In 5G smart cities, edge computing is employed to provide nearby computing services for end devices, and the large-scale models (e.g., GPT and LLaMA) can be deployed at the network edge to boost the service quality. However, due to the…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Zuan Xie , Yang Xu , Hongli Xu , Yunming Liao , Zhiyuan Yao

Distributed deep neural networks (DNNs) have become central to modern computer vision, yet their deployment on resource-constrained edge devices remains hindered by substantial parameter counts, computational demands, and the probability of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Mahadev Sunil Kumar , Arnab Raha , Debayan Das , Gopakumar G , Rounak Chatterjee , Amitava Mukherjee

Automated feature extraction capability and significant performance of Deep Neural Networks (DNN) make them suitable for Internet of Things (IoT) applications. However, deploying DNN on edge devices becomes prohibitive due to the colossal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-03 Rahul Mishra , Hari Prabhat Gupta

Splitting network computations between the edge device and a server enables low edge-compute inference of neural networks but might expose sensitive information about the test query to the server. To address this problem, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-24 Mohammad Samragh , Hossein Hosseini , Aleksei Triastcyn , Kambiz Azarian , Joseph Soriaga , Farinaz Koushanfar

This literature review explores continual learning methods for on-device training in the context of neural networks (NNs) and decision trees (DTs) for classification tasks on smart environments. We highlight key constraints, such as data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Afonso Lourenço , João Rodrigo , João Gama , Goreti Marreiros

The growing gap between the increasing complexity of large language models (LLMs) and the limited computational budgets of edge devices poses a key challenge for efficient on-device inference, despite gradual improvements in hardware…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Xiangchen Li , Dimitrios Spatharakis , Saeid Ghafouri , Jiakun Fan , Hans Vandierendonck , Deepu John , Bo Ji , Dimitrios Nikolopoulos

Ensembles of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) have achieved qualitative predictions but they are computing and memory intensive. Therefore, the demand is growing to make them answer a heavy workload of requests with available computational…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-31 Pierrick Pochelu , Serge G. Petiton , Bruno Conche

Mobile devices such as smartphones and autonomous vehicles increasingly rely on deep neural networks (DNNs) to execute complex inference tasks such as image classification and speech recognition, among others. However, continuously…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-03 Yoshitomo Matsubara , Marco Levorato , Francesco Restuccia

Edge inference is becoming ever prevalent through its applications from retail to wearable technology. Clusters of networked resource-constrained edge devices are becoming common, yet there is no production-ready orchestration system for…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Arjun Parthasarathy , Bhaskar Krishnamachari

Task-oriented communication presents a promising approach to improve the communication efficiency of edge inference systems by optimizing learning-based modules to extract and transmit relevant task information. However, real-time…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Songjie Xie , Hengtao He , Shenghui Song , Jun Zhang , Khaled B. Letaief

The rapid emergence of Large Language Models (LLMs) has catalyzed Agentic artificial intelligence (AI), autonomous systems integrating perception, reasoning, and action into closed-loop pipelines for continuous adaptation. While unlocking…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-10 Xiaojing Chen , Haiqi Yu , Wei Ni , Dusit Niyato , Ruichen Zhang , Xin Wang , Shunqing Zhang , Shugong Xu

Deep Neural Networks have flourished at an unprecedented pace in recent years. They have achieved outstanding accuracy in fields such as computer vision, natural language processing, medicine or economics. Specifically, Convolutional Neural…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2019-12-05 Robert Guirado , Hyoukjun Kwon , Eduard Alarcón , Sergi Abadal , Tushar Krishna

Edge-cloud co-inference enables efficient deep neural network (DNN) deployment by splitting the architecture between an edge device and cloud server, crucial for resource-constraint edge devices. This approach requires balancing on-device…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Maruf Hassan , Steven Davy

The inference of deep neural networks (DNNs) on resource-constrained embedded systems introduces non-trivial trade-offs among model accuracy, computational latency, and hardware limitations, particularly when real-time constraints must be…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-11 T. Baldi , D. Casini , A. Biondi

Deep edge intelligence aims to deploy deep learning models that demand computationally expensive training in the edge network with limited computational power. Moreover, many deep edge intelligence applications require handling distributed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-28 Ilkay Sikdokur , İnci M. Baytaş , Arda Yurdakul