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Matrix Product Operators (MPOs) are at the heart of the second-generation Density Matrix Renormalisation Group (DMRG) algorithm formulated in Matrix Product State language. We first summarise the widely known facts on MPO arithmetic and…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-01-20 C. Hubig , I. P. McCulloch , U. Schollwöck

We describe how to efficiently construct the quantum chemical Hamiltonian operator in matrix product form. We present its implementation as a density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm for quantum chemical applications in a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2016-01-05 Sebastian Keller , Michele Dolfi , Matthias Troyer , Markus Reiher

We present an algorithmic construction scheme for matrix-product-operator (MPO) representations of arbitrary $U(1)$-invariant operators whenever there is an expression of the local structure in terms of a finite-states machine (FSM). Given…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2017-11-21 Sebastian Paeckel , Thomas Köhler , Salvatore R. Manmana

This research introduces an improved framework for constructing matrix product operators (MPOs) and tree tensor network operators (TTNOs), crucial tools in quantum simulations. A given (Hamiltonian) operator typically has a known symbolic…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Hazar Çakır , Richard M. Milbradt , Christian B. Mendl

Matrix product states (MPS) and matrix product operators (MPOs) are one dimensional tensor networks that underlie the modern density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm. The use of MPOs accounts for the high level of generality…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-05-27 Matthew J. O'Rourke , Garnet Kin-Lic Chan

Theoretical understanding of strongly correlated systems in one spatial dimension (1D) has been greatly advanced by the density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, which is a variational approach using a class of…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2013-07-18 M. L. Wall , Lincoln D. Carr

We introduce a matrix product operator (MPO) encoding of the Magnus expansion and the Dyson series for one-dimensional quantum lattice models with time-dependent Hamiltonians. The MPO construction can be made accurate up to arbitrary order…

We present a general method for simulating lattice gauge theories in low dimensions using infinite matrix product states (iMPS). A central challenge in Hamiltonian formulations of gauge theories is the unbounded local Hilbert space…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-08-21 Nicholas Godfrey , Ian P. McCulloch

Current descriptions of the ab initio DMRG algorithm use two superficially different languages: an older language of the renormalization group and renormalized operators, and a more recent language of matrix product states and matrix…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-06-21 Garnet Kin-Lic Chan , Anna Keselman , Naoki Nakatani , Zhendong Li , Steven R. White

We present a new method for compressing matrix product operators (MPOs) which represent sums of local terms, such as Hamiltonians. Just as with area law states, such local operators may be fully specified with a small amount of information…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2020-09-22 Daniel E. Parker , Xiangyu Cao , Michael P. Zaletel

In this paper we give an introduction to the numerical density matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm, from the perspective of the more general matrix product state (MPS) formulation. We cover in detail the differences between the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2009-11-13 Ian P. McCulloch

We introduce a coefficient-decoupled matrix product operator (MPO) representation for Pauli-sum operators that separates reusable symbolic operator support from a tunable coefficient bridge across a fixed bipartition. This representation…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-27 Younes Javanmard

The density-matrix renormalization group (DMRG) algorithm can be adapted to the calculation of dynamical correlation functions in various ways which all represent compromises between computational efficiency and physical accuracy. In this…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2012-11-19 P. E. Dargel , A. Wöllert , A. Honecker , I. P. McCulloch , U. Schollwöck , T. Pruschke

We introduce a systematic construction of higher-order matrix product operator (MPO) approximations of the time evolution operator for generic (short and long range) one-dimensional Hamiltonians. We demonstrate the utility of our…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2023-03-01 Maarten Van Damme , Jutho Haegeman , Ian McCulloch , Laurens Vanderstraeten

We propose an alternative to the infinite density-matrix renormalization approach for accessing quantum many-body states within a finite-size calculation that faithfully mimics the thermodynamic limit. Our method constructs environment…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2025-12-10 Souta Shimozono , Chisa Hotta

The Density Matrix Renormalization Group (DMRG) is a state-of-the-art numerical technique for a one dimensional quantum many-body system; but calculating accurate results for a system with Periodic Boundary Condition (PBC) from the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2016-11-29 Dayasindhu Dey , Debasmita Maiti , Manoranjan Kumar

We propose a tensor-network (TN) approach for solving classical optimization problems that is inspired by spectral filtering and sampling on quantum states. We first shift and scale an Ising Hamiltonian of the cost function so that all…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-02-09 Ryo Watanabe , Joseph Tindall , Shohei Miyakoshi , Hiroshi Ueda

Matrix product states (MPSs) and matrix product operators (MPOs) allow an alternative formulation of the density matrix renormalization group algorithm introduced by White. Here, we describe how non-abelian spin symmetry can be exploited in…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2016-04-05 Sebastian Keller , Markus Reiher

The density-matrix renormalization group method (DMRG) has established itself over the last decade as the leading method for the simulation of the statics and dynamics of one-dimensional strongly correlated quantum lattice systems. In the…

Strongly Correlated Electrons · Physics 2011-01-04 Ulrich Schollwoeck

We provide an exact construction of interaction Hamiltonians on a one-dimensional lattice which grow as a polynomial multiplied by an exponential with the lattice site separation as a matrix product operator (MPO), a type of one-dimensional…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-06-24 Michael L. Wall
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