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Climate models have become an important tool in the study of climate and climate change, and ensemble experiments consisting of multiple climate-model runs are used in studying and quantifying the uncertainty in climate-model output.…

Applications · Statistics 2011-04-15 Stephan R. Sain , Reinhard Furrer , Noel Cressie

The conditional extremes framework allows for event-based stochastic modeling of dependent extremes, and has recently been extended to spatial and spatio-temporal settings. After standardizing the marginal distributions and applying an…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Emma S. Simpson , Thomas Opitz , Jennifer L. Wadsworth

We present a multivariate hierarchical space-time model to describe the joint series of monthly extreme temperatures and amounts of rainfall. Data are available for 360 monitoring stations over 60 years, with missing data affecting almost…

Despite the importance of quantifying how the spatial patterns of extreme precipitation will change with warming, we lack tools to objectively analyze the storm-scale outputs of modern climate models. To address this gap, we develop an…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-12-04 Griffin Mooers , Tom Beucler , Mike Pritchard , Stephan Mandt

Non-stationary time series modelling is applied to long tidal records from Esbjerg, Denmark, and coupled to climate change projections for sea-level and storminess, to produce projections of likely future sea-level maxima. The model has…

The analysis of spatial extremes requires the joint modeling of a spatial process at a large number of stations and max-stable processes have been developed as a class of stochastic processes suitable for studying spatial extremes. Spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-28 Soyoung Jeon , Richard L. Smith

There is continuing interest in the investigation of change in temperature over space and time. We offer a set of tools to illuminate such change temporally, at desired temporal resolution, and spatially, according to region of interest,…

Recent extreme value theory literature has seen significant emphasis on the modelling of spatial extremes, with comparatively little consideration of spatio-temporal extensions. This neglects an important feature of extreme events: their…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Emma S. Simpson , Jennifer L. Wadsworth

Currently available models for spatial extremes suffer either from inflexibility in the dependence structures that they can capture, lack of scalability to high dimensions, or in most cases, both of these. We present an approach to spatial…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-17 Jennifer L. Wadsworth , Jonathan Tawn

Max-stable processes have proved to be useful for the statistical modelling of spatial extremes. Several representations of max-stable random fields have been proposed in the literature. For statistical inference it is often assumed that…

Methodology · Statistics 2011-07-25 Richard A. Davis , Claudia Klüppelberg , Christina Steinkohl

Weather and climate extremes such as heatwaves are crucial climate hazards to people and ecosystems worldwide. In any region, climate change may alter their characteristics in complex ways so that rigorous and holistic quantification of the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-04-29 Gottfried Kirchengast , Stephanie J. Haas , Jürgen Fuchsberger

The areal modeling of the extremes of a natural process such as rainfall or temperature is important in environmental statistics; for example, understanding extreme areal rainfall is crucial in flood protection. This article reviews recent…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-08-17 A. C. Davison , S. A. Padoan , M. Ribatet

Extreme events, such as wave-storms, need to be characterized for coastal infrastructure design purposes. Such description should contain information on both the univariate behaviour and the joint-dependence of storm-variables. These two…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2019-03-15 Jue Lin-Ye , Manuel García-León , Vicente Gràcia , Maribel Ortego , Piero Lionello , Agustín Sanchez-Arcilla

For modeling extreme rainfall, the widely used Brown-Resnick max-stable model extends the concept of the variogram to suit bloc maxima, allowing the explicit modeling of the extremal dependence shown by the spatial data. This extremal…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2022-08-16 Oscar E. Jurado , Marco Oesting , Henning W. Rust

We investigate the statistics and dynamics of extreme heat waves over different areas of Europe. We find heatwaves over France and Scandinavia to be associated with recurrent wavenumber three teleconnection patterns in surface temperature…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-10-26 George Miloshevich , Philippine Rouby-Poizat , Francesco Ragone , Freddy Bouchet

Accurate modelling of the joint extremal dependence structure within a stationary time series is a challenging problem that is important in many applications.\ Several previous approaches to this problem are only applicable to certain types…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-03-09 Graeme Auld , Ioannis Papastathopoulos

Extreme events over large spatial domains may exhibit highly heterogeneous tail dependence characteristics, yet most existing spatial extremes models yield only one dependence class over the entire spatial domain. To accurately characterize…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-14 Muyang Shi , Likun Zhang , Mark D. Risser , Benjamin A. Shaby

Extreme weather is one of the main mechanisms through which climate change will directly impact human society. Coping with such change as a global community requires markedly improved understanding of how global warming drives extreme…

Computational Physics · Physics 2019-09-18 Adam Rupe , Karthik Kashinath , Nalini Kumar , Victor Lee , Prabhat , James P. Crutchfield

Due to complex physical phenomena, the distribution of heavy rainfall events is difficult to model spatially. Physically based numerical models can often provide physically coherent spatial patterns, but may miss some important…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-13 Marco Oesting , Philippe Naveau

A variety of methods have been proposed for inference about extreme dependence for multivariate or spatially-indexed stochastic processes and time series. Most of these proceed by first transforming data to some specific extreme value…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-05-22 James E. Johndrow , Robert L. Wolpert