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The association of the high-energy neutrino event IceCube-170922A with the flaring blazar TXS~0506+056 indicates that hadronic processes may operate in a blazar jet. We perform semi-analytical spectral fitting of the multi-wavelength…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-08-03 Haocheng Zhang , Ke Fang , Hui Li

The blazars are one of the leading candidate sources of high-energy neutrinos. Recently, two blazars have been found to be temporally and spatially correlated with some IceCube high-energy neutrino events. The two blazars, GB6 J2113+1121…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-05-08 Xiong Jiang , Neng-Hui Liao , Xue Rui , Yi-Zhong Fan , Da-Ming Wei

The origin of extragalactic high-energy neutrinos remains a major mystery in astrophysics, with blazars as leading candidate sources. The widely adopted one-zone leptohadronic jet model, however, faces severe challenges from stringent X-ray…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-26 Wei-Jian Li , Rui Xue , Ze-Rui Wang , Dingrong Xiong

Measurements from astroparticle experiments, such as the 2017 flare associated with the source TXS 0506+056, indicate that blazars act as multi-messenger (MM; radiation and neutrinos) factories. Theoretically, the particle acceleration…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-02-18 E. M. de Gouveia Dal Pino , J. C. Rodríguez-Ramírez , M. V. del Valle

Relativistic jets from Active Galactic Nuclei (AGN) are highly energetic and emit radiation across a wide range of frequencies. Despite several observational studies, their particle composition still remains a key open question. The…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-02 Harshita Bhuyan , Bhargav Vaidya , Christian Fendt , Aditya Sharma

X-ray observations are essential for understanding the multimessenger emission mechanisms of active galactic nuclei (AGN). Blazars, a subset of AGN whose X-ray emission predominantly originates from relativistic jets, have been proposed as…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-18 Jose Maria Sanchez Zaballa , Sara Buson , Stefano Marchesi , Francesco Tombesi , Thomas Dauser , Joern Wilms , Alessandra Azzollini

Motivated by the observation of a $>290$ TeV muon neutrino by IceCube, coincident with a $\sim$6 month-long $\gamma$-ray flare of the blazar TXS 0506+056, and an archival search which revealed $13 \pm 5$ further, lower-energy neutrinos in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-06-12 Foteini Oikonomou , Kohta Murase , Maria Petropoulou

The detection of a high energy muon neutrino on 22 September 2017 by IceCube neutrino detector coincides with the multiwavelength flaring from the BL Lac object TXS 0506+056, most likely confirming AGN as a source of high energy cosmic rays…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-08-05 Sarira Sahu , Carlos Eduardo Lopez Fortin , Shigehiro Nagataki

Blazars are promising candidates for high energy neutrino sources, yet the physical origin of their neutrino emission remains uncertain. In this work, we extend our previous study by modeling the broadband spectral energy distributions…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-05-12 Hubing Xiao , Zhihao Ouyang , Lili Yang , Jingtian Zhu , Minfeng Gu , Liang Chen , Shaohua Zhang , Zhijian Luo , Junhui Fan

We discuss possible interpretations of the neutrinos observed from the AGN blazar TXS 0506+056 in the multi-messenger and multi-wavelength context, including both the 2014-15 and 2017 neutrino flares. While the neutrino observed in…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-09-16 Walter Winter , Shan Gao , Xavier Rodrigues , Anatoli Fedynitch , Andrea Palladino , Martin Pohl

We investigate the origin of high-energy emission in blazars within the context of the leptohadronic one-zone model. We find that $\gamma$-ray emission can be attributed to synchrotron radiation either from protons or from secondary leptons…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 Apostolos Mastichiadis , Maria Petropoulou , Stavros Dimitrakoudis

Recent observations are shedding light on the important role that active galactic nuclei (AGN) play in the production of high-energy neutrinos. In this study, we focus on one object, 5BZB J0630-2406, which is among the blazars recently…

The Synchrotron Proton Blazar model is a promising model to explain high energy emission from gamma-ray loud BL Lac objects like Mkn 421. In contrast to leptonic models, the hadronic explanation of gamma-ray emission predicts ultrahigh…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 A. Muecke , R. J. Protheroe

There is mounting evidence that blazars are the sources of part of the very-high-energy astrophysical neutrino flux detected by IceCube. In particular, there have been several spatial and temporal coincidences of individual IceCube neutrino…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-30 Joshua Robinson , Markus Boettcher

We describe new implementations of leptonic and hadronic models for the broadband emission from relativistic jets in AGN in a temporary steady state. For the leptonic model, a temporary equilibrium between particle injection/acceleration,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-15 M. Boettcher , A. Reimer , K. Sweeney , A. Prakash

3HSP J095507.9+355101 is an extreme blazar which has been possibly associated with a high-energy neutrino (IceCube-200107A) detected one day before the blazar was found to undergo a hard X-ray flare. We perform a comprehensive study of the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-09-01 Maria Petropoulou , Foteini Oikonomou , Apostolos Mastichiadis , Kohta Murase , Paolo Padovani , Georgios Vasilopoulos , Paolo Giommi

In this work, we investigate the 2014-2015 neutrino flare associated with the blazar TXS 0506+056 and a recently discovered muon neutrino event IceCube-200107A in spatial coincidence with the blazar 4FGL J0955.1+3551, under the framework of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-01-13 Rui Xue , Ruo-Yu Liu , Ze-Rui Wang , Nan Ding , Xiang-Yu Wang

The recent spatial and temporal coincidence of the blazar TXS 0506+056 with the IceCube detected neutrino event IC-170922A has opened up a realm of multi-messenger astronomy with blazar jets as a plausible site of cosmic-ray acceleration.…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-10-09 Vaidehi S. Paliya , M. Böttcher , A. Olmo-García , A. Domínguez , A. Gil de Paz , A. Franckowiak , S. Garrappa , R. Stein

The characteristic double-bumped spectral energy distribution (SED) of blazars is explained by either leptonic or hadronic models. In the former, Inverse Compton emission dominates the emission of the high energy bump, while proton…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2011-11-03 Matteo Cerruti , Andreas Zech , Catherine Boisson , Susumu Inoue

In 2017, IceCube detected a high energy neutrino in coincidence with the blazar TXS 0506+056. In a follow up analysis of archival data, evidence for previous neutrino emission from the blazar during 2014-15 was found. In this analysis, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-08-16 Erin O'Sullivan , Chad Finley