Related papers: Fundamentals of Vacuum Physics and Technology
Dense suspensions of particles are relevant to many applications and are a key platform for developing a fundamental physics of out-of-equilibrium systems. They present challenging flow properties, apparently turning from liquid to solid…
We discuss the main myths related to the vacuum energy and cosmological constant, such as: ``unbearable lightness of space-time''; the dominating contribution of zero point energy of quantum fields to the vacuum energy; non-zero vacuum…
Astrophysical sources are extremely efficient accelerators. Some sources emit photons up to multi-TeV energies, a signature of the presence, within them, of particles with energies much higher than those achievable with the largest…
We introduce a dynamical model to reduce a large cosmological constant to a sufficiently small value. The basic ingredient in this model is a distinction which has been made between the two unit systems used in cosmology and particle…
Physical vacuum is a special superfluid medium populated by enormous amount of virtual particle-antiparticle pairs. Its motion is described by the modified Navier-Stokes equation: (a)~the pressure gradient divided by the mass density is…
Ion sources produce beams for a large variety of different physical experiments, industrial processes and medical applications. In order to characterize the beam delivered by them, a list of requirements is necessary. In this chapter the…
Poor indoor air quality can contribute to the development of various chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma, heart disease, and lung cancer. Since air quality is extremely difficult for humans to detect though sensory processing, there…
The purpose of this white paper is to discuss the importance of having a world class domestic industrial vendor base, capable of supporting the needs of the particle accelerator facilities, and the necessary steps to support and develop…
Rapidly moving sources create pairs in the vacuum and lose energy. In consequence of this, the velocity of a charged body cannot approach the speed of light closer than a certain limit which depends only on the coupling constant. The vacuum…
Intense lasers can accelerate electrons to very high energy over a short distance. Such compact accelerators have several potential applications including fast ignition, high energy physics, and radiography. Among the various schemes of…
For a quantum field in a curved background the choice of the vacuum state is crucial. We exhibit a vacuum state in which the expectation values of the energy and pressure allow an intuitive interpretation. We apply this general result to…
Quantum electromagnetic fluctuations induce forces between neutral particles, known as the van der Waals (vdW) and Casimir interactions. These fundamental forces, mediated by virtual photons from the vacuum, play an important role in basic…
A bouncing rubber ball under a motion sensor is a classic of introductory physics labs. It is often used to measure the acceleration due to gravity, and can also demonstrate conservation of energy. By observing that the ball rises to a…
A variation of fundamental constants of physics is proposed in a frame of static universe. It is shown when the velocity of light increases (decreases) the Planck's constant increases (decreases) and mass of bodies decreases (increases).…
In electromagnetism, the vacuum impedance $Z_0$ is a universal constant, which is as important as the velocity of light $c$ in vacuum. Unfortunately, however, its significance does not seem to be appreciated so well and sometimes the…
Following fresh attempts to resolve the problem of the energy density of the vacuum, we reconsider the case where the cosmological constant is derived from a higher-dimensional version of general relativity, and interpret the…
The necessity of the FORM project is discussed. Then the evolutionary needs in particle physics are considered, looking at the trends over the years. A guess is made at what will be needed in the (near) future. The whole is concluded with…
Brownian particles placed sequentially in contact with distinct thermal reservoirs and subjected to external driving forces are promising candidates for the construction of reliable thermal engines. In this contribution, we address the role…
The recent discovery that neutrinos have mass opens a wide new field of experimentation. Accelerator-made neutrinos are essential. Ideas for future facilities include superbeams beta-beams and neutrino factories, each associated with one or…
In a recent paper (Phys. Rev. D95, 103504 (2017)) it is argued that, due to the fluctuations around its mean value, vacuum energy gravitates differently from what previously assumed. As a consequence, the universe would accelerate with a…