Related papers: Fundamentals of Vacuum Physics and Technology
The vacuum arc ion source has evolved into a more or less standard laboratory tool for the production of high-current beams of metal ions, and is now used in a number of different embodiments at many laboratories around the world.…
We present the proposal of an elective for engineering courses, designed to train professionals with a solid foundation in Physics of the Atmosphere interested in environmental and sustainability issues broadly. We propose four chapters…
We are going to prove that the phase-space description is fundamental both in the classical and quantum physics. It is shown that many problems in statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, quasi-classical theory and in the theory of…
A gas in a box is perhaps the most important model system studied in thermodynamics and statistical mechanics. Usually, studies focus on the gas, whereas the box merely serves as an idealized confinement. The present article focuses on the…
A theme that has come to the fore in advanced planning for long-range space exploration is the concept that empty space itself (the quantum vacuum, or spacetime metric) might be engineered so as to provide energy/thrust for future space…
A QED-based mechanism, breaking translational invariance of the vacuum at sufficiently small distance scales, is suggested as an explanation for the vacuum energy pressure that accelerates the universe. Very-small-scale virtual vacuum…
An overview of beam-gas interactions in particle accelerators is presented. The paper is focused on a few examples and tries to present basic concepts with simple formulae that should allow the reader to perform order-of-magnitude estimates…
We argue that it is a fluctuational underpinning of the Quantum vacuum which on the one hand gives a stochastic character to the conservation laws, and on the other is required for explaining the recently observed acceleration of the…
A systematic exposition of the basic concepts of wakes and impedances is given for relativistic beams in accelerators.
This article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter can be interpreted in terms of the topological properties of space-time. The theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior…
Physicists have speculated about the properties of the quantum vacuum for at least 85 years; however, only recently have they understood the quantum vacuum sufficiently well to begin making testable predictions. Specifically, using…
Astronomical observations indicate an accelerated cosmic expansion, the cause of which is explained by the action of `dark energy'. Here we show that in discrete expanding space-time, only a tiny fraction of the vacuum fluctuations can…
It is commonly believed that the vacuum energy problem points to the need for (1) a radically new formulation of gravitational physics and (2) a new principle which forces the vacuum stress-energy tensor (as measured by gravity) to be…
Didactic heuristic arguments, based on the quantum mechanics of the vacuum and the structure of spacetime, are reviewed concerning particle creation from the vacuum by an electric field, vacuum radiation in an accelerated frame, black-hole…
The behavior of the gravitating vacuum energy density in an expanding universe is discussed. A scenario is presented with a step-wise relaxation of the vacuum energy density. The vacuum energy density moves from plateau to plateau and…
Collective effects in particle accelerators are one of the key constituents for determining the ultimate particle accelerator performance. Their role is becoming increasingly important as particle accelerators are being pushed ever closer…
In order to satisfy ultrahigh-vacuum requirements several mechanical engineering disciplines need to be pushed to their limits. At the manufacturing level high precision turning or diamond turning is necessary to obtain smooth surfaces,…
This article examines how the physical presence of field energy and particulate matter could influence the topological properties of space time. The theory is developed in terms of vector and matrix equations of exterior differential forms.…
The ever increasing demands placed upon machine performance have resulted in the need for more comprehensive particle accelerator modeling. Computer simulations are key to the success of particle accelerators. Many aspects of particle…
The vacuum state in quantum field theory is known to exhibit an important number of fundamental physical features. In this work we explore the possibility that this state could also present a non-trivial space-time structure on large…