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Mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) is a powerful tool for addressing a wide range of real-world problems, but it lacks a clear structure for comparing instances. A reliable similarity metric could establish meaningful relationships…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Gwen Maudet , Grégoire Danoy

Deep neural networks, including transformers and convolutional neural networks, have significantly improved multivariate time series classification (MTSC). However, these methods often rely on supervised learning, which does not fully…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Wenhui Zhu , Huayu Li , Hao Wang , Aristeidis Sotiras , Yalin Wang , Abolfazl Razi

In this work, we introduce a new information-theoretic perspective on Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) for parameter estimation with i.i.d. data, and show that MIL can outperform single-instance learners in low-signal regimes. Prior work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Atakan Azakli , Bernd Stelzer

Whole slide image (WSI) classification is a fundamental task for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases; but, curation of accurate labels is time-consuming and limits the application of fully-supervised methods. To address this, multiple…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-25 Philip Chikontwe , Soo Jeong Nam , Heounjeong Go , Meejeong Kim , Hyun Jung Sung , Sang Hyun Park

Multiple instance learning (MIL) has become the standard learning paradigm for distantly supervised relation extraction (DSRE). However, due to relation extraction being performed at bag level, MIL has significant hardware requirements for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-16 Mehrdad Nasser , Mohamad Bagher Sajadi , Behrouz Minaei-Bidgoli

The paper proposes a novel problem in multi-class Multiple-Instance Learning (MIL) called Learning from the Majority Label (LML). In LML, the majority class of instances in a bag is assigned as the bag's label. LML aims to classify…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-21 Kaito Shiku , Shinnosuke Matsuo , Daiki Suehiro , Ryoma Bise

Multi-Instance Multi-Label learning (MIML) models complex objects (bags), each of which is associated with a set of interrelated labels and composed with a set of instances. Current MIML solutions still focus on a single-type of objects and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-09 Yuanlin Yang , Guoxian Yu , Jun Wang , Lei Liu , Carlotta Domeniconi , Maozu Guo

Multiple instance learning (MIL) aims to learn the mapping between a bag of instances and the bag-level label. In this paper, we propose a new end-to-end graph neural network (GNN) based algorithm for MIL: we treat each bag as a graph and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-13 Ming Tu , Jing Huang , Xiaodong He , Bowen Zhou

We study a multiclass multiple instance learning (MIL) problem where the labels only suggest whether any instance of a class exists or does not exist in a training sample or example. No further information, e.g., the number of instances of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-03-15 Xi-Lin Li

Digitizing pathological images into gigapixel Whole Slide Images (WSIs) has opened new avenues for Computational Pathology (CPath). As positive tissue comprises only a small fraction of gigapixel WSIs, existing Multiple Instance Learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Wenhao Tang , Sheng Huang , Heng Fang , Fengtao Zhou , Bo Liu , Qingshan Liu

In multiple instance learning, objects are sets (bags) of feature vectors (instances) rather than individual feature vectors. In this paper we address the problem of how these bags can best be represented. Two standard approaches are to use…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2016-07-12 Veronika Cheplygina , David M. J. Tax , Marco Loog

In multi-instance (MI) learning, each object (bag) consists of multiple feature vectors (instances), and is most commonly regarded as a set of points in a multidimensional space. A different viewpoint is that the instances are realisations…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-10-16 Kajsa Møllersen , Jon Yngve Hardeberg , Fred Godtliebsen

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has been widely applied to medical imaging diagnosis, where bag labels are known and instance labels inside bags are unknown. Traditional MIL assumes that instances in each bag are independent samples from a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-07-19 Yunan Wu , Francisco M. Castro-Macías , Pablo Morales-Álvarez , Rafael Molina , Aggelos K. Katsaggelos

Shapelets are discriminative time series subsequences that allow generation of interpretable classification models, which provide faster and generally better classification than the nearest neighbor approach. However, the shapelet discovery…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-23 Atif Raza , Stefan Kramer

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a powerful approach to classify whole slide images (WSIs) for diagnostic pathology. A fundamental challenge of MIL on WSI classification is to discover the \textit{critical instances} that trigger the bag…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-09-02 Zhikang Wang , Yue Bi , Tong Pan , Xiaoyu Wang , Chris Bain , Richard Bassed , Seiya Imoto , Jianhua Yao , Jiangning Song

Multiple instance learning (MIL) stands as a powerful approach in weakly supervised learning, regularly employed in histological whole slide image (WSI) classification for detecting tumorous lesions. However, existing mainstream MIL methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-07-08 Wenhui Zhu , Xiwen Chen , Peijie Qiu , Aristeidis Sotiras , Abolfazl Razi , Yalin Wang

Whole slide image (WSI) classification often relies on deep weakly supervised multiple instance learning (MIL) methods to handle gigapixel resolution images and slide-level labels. Yet the decent performance of deep learning comes from…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-07-06 Jiawei Yang , Hanbo Chen , Yu Zhao , Fan Yang , Yao Zhang , Lei He , Jianhua Yao

Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) has emerged as the best solution for Whole Slide Image (WSI) classification. It consists of dividing each slide into patches, which are treated as a bag of instances labeled with a global label. MIL includes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-05 Ali Mammadov , Loic Le Folgoc , Julien Adam , Anne Buronfosse , Gilles Hayem , Guillaume Hocquet , Pietro Gori

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is a supervised learning methodology that aims to allow models to learn instance class labels from bag class labels, where a bag is defined to contain multiple instances. MIL is gaining traction for learning…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-14 Samuel W. Remedios , Zihao Wu , Camilo Bermudez , Cailey I. Kerley , Snehashis Roy , Mayur B. Patel , John A. Butman , Bennett A. Landman , Dzung L. Pham

Multiple instance learning (MIL) is an effective and widely used approach for weakly supervised machine learning. In histopathology, MIL models have achieved remarkable success in tasks like tumor detection, biomarker prediction, and…