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High-definition (HD) maps are essential in testing autonomous driving systems (ADSs). HD maps essentially determine the potential diversity of the testing scenarios. However, the current HD maps suffer from two main limitations: lack of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-22 Yun Tang , Yuan Zhou , Kairui Yang , Ziyuan Zhong , Baishakhi Ray , Yang Liu , Ping Zhang , Junbo Chen

Over the last couple of years, deep learning and especially convolutional neural networks have become one of the work horses of computer vision. One limiting factor for the applicability of supervised deep learning to more areas is the need…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-12-07 Sebastian Stabinger , Antonio Rodriguez-Sanchez

State-of-the-art autonomous driving systems rely on high definition (HD) maps for localization and navigation. However, building and maintaining HD maps is time-consuming and expensive. Furthermore, the HD maps assume structured environment…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Jiaolong Xu , Liang Xiao , Dawei Zhao , Yiming Nie , Bin Dai

High-definition road maps play a crucial role in the functionality and verification of highly automated driving functions. These contain precise information about the road network, geometry, condition, as well as traffic signs. Despite…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-07-29 Leon Eisemann , Johannes Maucher

Robust and accurate localization is an essential component for robotic navigation and autonomous driving. The use of cameras for localization with high definition map (HD Map) provides an affordable localization sensor set. Existing methods…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-07-07 Chengcheng Guo , Minjie Lin , Heyang Guo , Pengpeng Liang , Erkang Cheng

With the development of intelligent vehicle systems, a high-precision road map is increasingly needed in many aspects. The automatic lane lines extraction and modeling are the most essential steps for the generation of a precise lane-level…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-01-14 Zehai Yu , Hui Zhu , Linglong Lin , Huawei Liang , Biao Yu , Weixin Huang

In autonomous driving, mapping is critical for motion planning but remains an under-utilized resource for perception tasks such as 3D object detection. Maps can provide robust structural priors of the static environment, helping resolve…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yang Fu , Yuliang Zou , Hao Xiang , Xin Huang , Yijing Bai , Chen Song , Weijing Shi , Govind Thattai , Dragomir Anguelov , Mingxing Tan , Yingwei Li

Artificial intelligence for autonomous driving must meet strict requirements on safety and robustness. We propose to validate machine learning models for self-driving vehicles not only with given ground truth labels, but also with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Laura von Rueden , Tim Wirtz , Fabian Hueger , Jan David Schneider , Christian Bauckhage

Autonomous Driving is now the promising future of transportation. As one basis for autonomous driving, High Definition Map (HD map) provides high-precision descriptions of the environment, therefore it enables more accurate perception and…

Robotics · Computer Science 2020-10-13 Jinliang Xie , Jie Tang , Shaoshan Liu

We propose incorporating human labelers in a model fine-tuning system that provides immediate user feedback. In our framework, human labelers can interactively query model predictions on unlabeled data, choose which data to label, and see…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-11-18 Caleb Robinson , Anthony Ortiz , Kolya Malkin , Blake Elias , Andi Peng , Dan Morris , Bistra Dilkina , Nebojsa Jojic

Deep-learning-based techniques have been widely adopted for autonomous driving software stacks for mass production in recent years, focusing primarily on perception modules, with some work extending this method to prediction modules.…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Weijian Sun , Yanbo Jia , Qi Zeng , Zihao Liu , Jiang Liao , Yue Li , Xianfeng Li

Modern intelligent and autonomous robotic applications often require robots to have more information about their environment than that provided by traditional occupancy grid maps. For example, a robot tasked to perform autonomous semantic…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-03-30 Tobias Zaenker , Francesco Verdoja , Ville Kyrki

High-definition (HD) maps are core artifacts for automated driving systems, but their generation commonly relies on sensor-intensive mobile mapping campaigns, while quality assessment often depends on high-precision reference data. These…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ruidi He , Vaibhav Tiwari , Mohanad Al-Ghobari , Meng Zhang , Andreas Rausch

High-definition (HD) maps are essential for autonomous driving systems. Traditionally, an expensive and labor-intensive pipeline is implemented to construct HD maps, which is limited in scalability. In recent years, crowdsourcing and online…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Anqi Shi , Yuze Cai , Xiangyu Chen , Jian Pu , Zeyu Fu , Hong Lu

Self-driving vehicles have the potential to reduce accidents and fatalities on the road. Many production vehicles already come equipped with basic self-driving capabilities, but have trouble following lanes in adverse lighting and weather…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Michael Khalfin , Jack Volgren , Matthew Jones , Luke LeGoullon , Joshua Siegel , Chan-Jin Chung

In this paper we propose a real-time, calibration-agnostic and effective localization system for self-driving cars. Our method learns to embed the online LiDAR sweeps and intensity map into a joint deep embedding space. Localization is then…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-12-22 Ioan Andrei Bârsan , Shenlong Wang , Andrei Pokrovsky , Raquel Urtasun

Deep Neural Networks trained in a fully supervised fashion are the dominant technology in perception-based autonomous driving systems. While collecting large amounts of unlabeled data is already a major undertaking, only a subset of it can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-10 Elmar Haussmann , Michele Fenzi , Kashyap Chitta , Jan Ivanecky , Hanson Xu , Donna Roy , Akshita Mittel , Nicolas Koumchatzky , Clement Farabet , Jose M. Alvarez

Autonomous vehicles rely on precise high definition (HD) 3d maps for navigation. This paper presents the mapping component of an end-to-end system for crowdsourcing precise 3d maps with semantically meaningful landmarks such as traffic…

Curbs are one of the essential elements of urban and highway traffic environments. Robust curb detection provides road structure information for motion planning in an autonomous driving system. Commonly, video cameras and 3D LiDARs are…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-11 Dongfeng Bai , Tongtong Cao , Jingming Guo , Bingbing Liu

We address the problem of vehicle self-localization from multi-modal sensor information and a reference map. The map is generated off-line by extracting landmarks from the vehicle's field of view, while the measurements are collected…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Nico Engel , Stefan Hoermann , Markus Horn , Vasileios Belagiannis , Klaus Dietmayer