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Homomorphic encryption (HE) enables computations directly on encrypted data, offering strong cryptographic guarantees for secure and privacy-preserving data storage and query execution. However, despite its theoretical power, practical…

Databases · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Boram Jung , Yuliang Li , Hung-Wei Tseng

Fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) is an encryption method that allows to perform computation on encrypted data, without decryption. FHE preserves the privacy of the users of online services that handle sensitive data, such as health data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-23 Andrei Stoian , Jordan Frery , Roman Bredehoft , Luis Montero , Celia Kherfallah , Benoit Chevallier-Mames

Privacy and security-related concerns are growing as machine learning reaches diverse application domains. The data holders want to train or infer with private data while exploiting accelerators, such as GPUs, that are hosted in the cloud.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-07-04 Hanieh Hashemi , Yongqin Wang , Murali Annavaram

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) enables secure computation on encrypted data, addressing privacy concerns in cloud computing. However, the high computational cost of HE operations, particularly matrix multiplication (MM), remains a major…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Zhihan Xu , Rajgopal Kannan , Viktor K. Prasanna

Leveled Homomorphic Encryption (LHE) offers a potential solution that could allow sectors with sensitive data to utilize the cloud and securely deploy their models for remote inference with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). However, this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Moustafa AboulAtta , Matthias Ossadnik , Seyed-Ahmad Ahmadi

Homomorphic Encryption (HE) is a cryptographic tool that allows performing computation under encryption, which is used by many privacy-preserving machine learning solutions, for example, to perform secure classification. Modern deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-05 Nir Drucker , Itamar Zimerman

We present the first theoretical convergence analysis of machine learning training under fully homomorphic encryption (FHE), combined with a differentially private (DP) training algorithm tailored to encrypted computation. Our approach…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Yvonne Zhou , Mingyu Liang , Ivan Brugere , Danial Dervovic , Yue Guo , Antigoni Polychroniadou , Min Wu , Dana Dachman-Soled

Privacy-preserving solutions enable companies to offload confidential data to third-party services while fulfilling their government regulations. To accomplish this, they leverage various cryptographic techniques such as Homomorphic…

Machine learning (ML) is widely used today, especially through deep neural networks (DNNs), however, increasing computational load and resource requirements have led to cloud-based solutions. To address this problem, a new generation of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-23 Farzad Nikfam , Raffaele Casaburi , Alberto Marchisio , Maurizio Martina , Muhammad Shafique

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables computations on encrypted data, preserving confidentiality without the need for decryption. However, FHE is often hindered by significant performance overhead, particularly for high-precision and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-09-06 Chao Wang , Shubing Yang , Xiaoyan Sun , Jun Dai , Dongfang Zhao

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) refers to a set of encryption schemes that allow computations to be applied directly on encrypted data without requiring a secret key. This enables novel application scenarios where a client can safely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-02 Roshan Dathathri , Olli Saarikivi , Hao Chen , Kim Laine , Kristin Lauter , Saeed Maleki , Madanlal Musuvathi , Todd Mytkowicz

Homomorphic encryption (HE) allows direct computations on encrypted data. Despite numerous research efforts, the practicality of HE schemes remains to be demonstrated. In this regard, the enormous size of ciphertexts involved in HE…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Dayane Reis , Jonathan Takeshita , Taeho Jung , Michael Niemier , Xiaobo Sharon Hu

With the rapid advancement of AI technology, we have seen more and more concerns on data privacy, leading to some cutting-edge research on machine learning with encrypted computation. Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a crucial…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Longfei Guo , Pengbo Li , Ting Gao , Yonghai Zhong , Haojie Fan , Jinqiao Duan

The need for privacy-preserving analytics is higher than ever due to the severity of privacy risks and to comply with new privacy regulations leading to an amplified interest in privacy-preserving techniques that try to balance between…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-05 Ahmad Al Badawi , Luong Hoang , Chan Fook Mun , Kim Laine , Khin Mi Mi Aung

Privacy concerns have thrust privacy-preserving computation into the spotlight. Homomorphic encryption (HE) is a cryptographic system that enables computation to occur directly on encrypted data, providing users with strong privacy (and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Juran Ding , Yuanzhe Liu , Lingbin Sun , Brandon Reagen

Medical imaging data contain sensitive patient information requiring strong privacy protection. Many analytical setups require data to be sent to a server for inference purposes. Homomorphic encryption (HE) provides a solution by allowing…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-23 Jonghun Kim , Gyeongdeok Jo , Sinyoung Ra , Hyunjin Park

When applying machine learning to sensitive data, one has to find a balance between accuracy, information security, and computational-complexity. Recent studies combined Homomorphic Encryption with neural networks to make inferences while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-07 Alon Brutzkus , Oren Elisha , Ran Gilad-Bachrach

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) enables the processing of encrypted data without decrypting it. FHE has garnered significant attention over the past decade as it supports secure outsourcing of data processing to remote cloud services.…

While many hardware accelerators have recently been proposed to address the inefficiency problem of fully homomorphic encryption (FHE) schemes, none of them is able to deliver optimal performance when facing real-world FHE workloads…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Junxue Zhang , Xiaodian Cheng , Gang Cao , Meng Dai , Yijun Sun , Han Tian , Dian Shen , Yong Wang , Kai Chen

Fully Homomorphic Encryption (FHE) is a set of powerful cryptographic schemes that allows computation to be performed directly on encrypted data with an unlimited depth. Despite FHE's promising in privacy-preserving computing, yet in most…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Yi Huang , Xinsheng Gong , Xiangyu Kong , Dibei Chen , Jianfeng Zhu , Wenping Zhu , Liangwei Li , Mingyu Gao , Shaojun Wei , Aoyang Zhang , Leibo Liu